Au Te Waate / We Remember It: Hiaki Survival Through a Bitter War

This compelling work delves into the personal narratives of Hiaki (Yaqui) individuals who endured the tumultuous period from 1900 to 1930, when they faced systematic attacks, conscription, deportation, and enslavement under Mexican government policies. Presented in both the original Hiaki language and English translation, these accounts offer an unparalleled glimpse into the lives of those who resisted and survived the era’s harsh realities. The narratives describe military engagements, the struggles of refugee life, forced labor, and the resilience of families under extreme duress. This work provides a unique and unvarnished account of the impacts of Mexican colonialism and aggression on individuals and families, completely from the Hiaki perspective.

Au Te Waate / We Remember It is not just a historical account but a linguistic treasure, preserving the naturally produced speech of five Hiaki speakers from a previous era. Transcriptions of interviews recorded by author Maria Fernanda Leyva with family members and friends provide invaluable insights into the Hiaki language. The interviews document and preserve the narrative styles, vocabulary, and grammatical constructions of the time.

This work also serves as a crucial resource for scholars of linguistics and history alike, capturing dialect variation and illustrating the linguistic evolution of the Hiaki community. Additionally, for Hiaki people studying their own language, this book stands as a rich repository of cultural and linguistic heritage, meticulously maintained through side-by-side translations and contextual historical introductions.

The narratives in this book are anchored by the experiences of five Hiaki speakers, whose stories of displacement, survival, and resistance provide a deeply personal perspective on the broader historical events of the Porfirio Díaz dictatorship and the early years of the Mexican Revolution. Au Te Waate / We Remember It stands as an important record, preserving these critical voices for future generations and offering profound insights into the resilience of the Hiaki people.


 
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Au Te Waate / We Remember It: Hiaki Survival Through a Bitter War

This compelling work delves into the personal narratives of Hiaki (Yaqui) individuals who endured the tumultuous period from 1900 to 1930, when they faced systematic attacks, conscription, deportation, and enslavement under Mexican government policies. Presented in both the original Hiaki language and English translation, these accounts offer an unparalleled glimpse into the lives of those who resisted and survived the era’s harsh realities. The narratives describe military engagements, the struggles of refugee life, forced labor, and the resilience of families under extreme duress. This work provides a unique and unvarnished account of the impacts of Mexican colonialism and aggression on individuals and families, completely from the Hiaki perspective.

Au Te Waate / We Remember It is not just a historical account but a linguistic treasure, preserving the naturally produced speech of five Hiaki speakers from a previous era. Transcriptions of interviews recorded by author Maria Fernanda Leyva with family members and friends provide invaluable insights into the Hiaki language. The interviews document and preserve the narrative styles, vocabulary, and grammatical constructions of the time.

This work also serves as a crucial resource for scholars of linguistics and history alike, capturing dialect variation and illustrating the linguistic evolution of the Hiaki community. Additionally, for Hiaki people studying their own language, this book stands as a rich repository of cultural and linguistic heritage, meticulously maintained through side-by-side translations and contextual historical introductions.

The narratives in this book are anchored by the experiences of five Hiaki speakers, whose stories of displacement, survival, and resistance provide a deeply personal perspective on the broader historical events of the Porfirio Díaz dictatorship and the early years of the Mexican Revolution. Au Te Waate / We Remember It stands as an important record, preserving these critical voices for future generations and offering profound insights into the resilience of the Hiaki people.


 
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Au Te Waate / We Remember It: Hiaki Survival Through a Bitter War

Au Te Waate / We Remember It: Hiaki Survival Through a Bitter War

Au Te Waate / We Remember It: Hiaki Survival Through a Bitter War

Au Te Waate / We Remember It: Hiaki Survival Through a Bitter War

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Overview

This compelling work delves into the personal narratives of Hiaki (Yaqui) individuals who endured the tumultuous period from 1900 to 1930, when they faced systematic attacks, conscription, deportation, and enslavement under Mexican government policies. Presented in both the original Hiaki language and English translation, these accounts offer an unparalleled glimpse into the lives of those who resisted and survived the era’s harsh realities. The narratives describe military engagements, the struggles of refugee life, forced labor, and the resilience of families under extreme duress. This work provides a unique and unvarnished account of the impacts of Mexican colonialism and aggression on individuals and families, completely from the Hiaki perspective.

Au Te Waate / We Remember It is not just a historical account but a linguistic treasure, preserving the naturally produced speech of five Hiaki speakers from a previous era. Transcriptions of interviews recorded by author Maria Fernanda Leyva with family members and friends provide invaluable insights into the Hiaki language. The interviews document and preserve the narrative styles, vocabulary, and grammatical constructions of the time.

This work also serves as a crucial resource for scholars of linguistics and history alike, capturing dialect variation and illustrating the linguistic evolution of the Hiaki community. Additionally, for Hiaki people studying their own language, this book stands as a rich repository of cultural and linguistic heritage, meticulously maintained through side-by-side translations and contextual historical introductions.

The narratives in this book are anchored by the experiences of five Hiaki speakers, whose stories of displacement, survival, and resistance provide a deeply personal perspective on the broader historical events of the Porfirio Díaz dictatorship and the early years of the Mexican Revolution. Au Te Waate / We Remember It stands as an important record, preserving these critical voices for future generations and offering profound insights into the resilience of the Hiaki people.


 

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780816545384
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
Publication date: 05/27/2025
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 630
File size: 5 MB
Language: Central American Indian (Other)

About the Author

Maria Fernanda Leyva was born and raised in South Tucson by her paternal grandmother, her Haaka, who first taught her Hiaki history. She is currently retired but has worked at Tucson Unified School District, the Department of Economic Security, and the Pascua Yaqui Department of Language and Culture, as well as at the University of Arizona.

Heidi Harley is a professor of linguistics at the University of Arizona.

Table of Contents

Cover Title page Copyright Contents List of Photographs Foreword by Heidi Harley Preface by Maria Leyva Background Concerning the Porfiriato and the Hiaki Diaspora The Collection of the Interviews Speaker: Doña Luisa (Chata) Buitimea Speaker: Don Andres Sol Speaker: Maria Hesus Rivera de Romero Speaker: Reynaldo Romero Speaker: Jose Juan Buitimea Speaker: Jose Maria Cupis (Chema Tosaria) Overview of Hiaki Guerrilla Strategy (Jose Maria Cupis) PART I. IN SONORA Escape from Hermosillo (Luisa) Traveling and Living in the Mountains (Luisa) Shelter (Luisa) Mountain Food (Luisa and Andres) How to Hide a Fire (Luisa and Andres) Making Fire (Luisa) Being a Child in the Mountains (Luisa and Maria Hesus) Childbirth and Medical Care in the Mountains (Luisa) Health and Hygiene in the Mountains (Luisa and Andres) The Problem of Crying Babies (Luisa and Andres) Maintaining Ceremonial Life in the Mountains (Luisa) Supplying the Mountain Ceremonies (Luisa and Andres) Escape to Nogales (Reyno) Walking to Tucson (Andres) Flight into the Mountains (Luisa) The Death and Mutilation of Dolores at Torreón (Luisa) The Story of Sisto, and the Attack at Desert Spiny Lizard Waters (Luisa) The Killing of Guillermo (Andres) Dealing with the Dead (Luisa and Andres) Caring for Wounded Warriors (Luisa) Arizona Hiakis, Gunrunning to Tucson, and Gathering Munitions (Andres) Southern Indigenous Soldiers in the Mexican Army (Luisa) Papago Fighters Contract with the Mexicans (Chema Tosaria) Slaughter and Capture at Tall Bamboo (Luisa and Andres) Hiakis Living in the Mountains Before 1910 (Luisa) Hacienda Life Under the Mexicans (Luisa) Violence Between Mountain Hiakis and Hacienda Hiakis (Luisa) Life in the Villages up to and During the Escobar Rebellion (Reyno) Coercing Hiaki Men to Enlist by Holding Families Hostage (Luisa and Andres) On Coerced Hiakis Serving in the Mexican Army (Maria Hesus) The Story of the Shawl (Maria Hesus) The Story of the Cookies (Maria Hesus) Leaving Her Little Dog (Maria Hesus) Children Stolen by the Mexican Soldiers (Maria Hesus and Luisa) The Motherless Children (Reyno) Mom’s First Capture and Grandmother’s Death, in 1902–1903 (Maria Hesus) Teasing Luisa About Capture (Luisa and Andres) Where the Three Groups of Hiaki Hostages Were Captured (Luisa) PART II. IN THE SOUTH Urbalejo, the Execution Order, and Surnames (Maria Hesus) On the Transport Ship Progresa (Maria Hesus and Luisa) Life in the Holding Center at Paraíso, in Tabasco (Luisa) Southern Plants That Cause Disease or Death (Luisa, Reyno, and Maria Hesus) The Sale of Hiakis as Slave Labor (Maria Hesus) The Black Beans and the Hiaki Cook (Maria Hesus) Labor on the Henequen Plantations (Maria Hesus) Her Mother’s Depression in the Yucatán (Maria Hesus) Luisa’s Sister’s Life in the South (Luisa) The Ration Cards (Maria Hesus and Luisa) Nacha Mayo and the Drunk Women at the Soap Factory (Maria Hesus and Luisa) Maria Hesus Learns About Lent in Toluca, and Her Sister Dies (Maria Hesus) Disease, Death, and the Ceremonies in Xochimilco (Maria Hesus and Luisa) Micaela and the Dolls (Luisa) Traveling South to Sign a Peace Accord (Reyno and Luisa) Hiakis Are Enlisted in Pitaya and Toluca (Luisa and Maria Hesus) The Hiaki Battalion (Luisa and Andres) The Hiaki Battalion in Battle During the Escobar Rebellion (Maria Hesus) Searching for Her Father Among the Wounded (Maria Hesus) Surviving While the Men Were in Combat (Maria Hesus) The Suffering of Hiaki Soldiers and Their Families (Luisa and Maria Hesus) Escaping Mexican Military Service (Maria Hesus) PART III. CONSEQUENCES Mexicans Moving into Hiaki Territory (Maria Hesus) On Renting Hiaki Land to Mexicans (Luisa) The Legacy of Madero and Mori (Luisa) Those Who Stayed in the South (Luisa) The Loss of History, the Loss of Land, and Divisions Among Hiakis (Luisa) The Charcoal Contract (Jose Juan Buitimea) The Flies That Came Out of Boxes Thrown from Planes (Jose Juan Buitimea and Chema Tosaria) Peo Maachil and the Big Black Snake (Luisa) The Highway, the Railroad, and Broken Promises (Andres) Andres Gets a Pension (Andres) Tata Va’am (Hot Water) and Papalote (Luisa and Andres) Luisa and Andres’s Life at Papalote (Luisa) The Dam at Oviachi and Hiak Vatwe Nowadays (Andres) Kala (Maria Hesus and Luisa) Antonio Tosaria’s Wives and Children (Maria Hesus and Luisa) Dolores Maehto and Bartolo Pa’amea (Maria Hesus, Reyno, and Luisa) Birthplaces and Baptismal Locations (Luisa, Reyno, and Maria Hesus) Reynaldo’s Family and Their Tucson Connections (Reyno) Afterword. Iiyika Te Lutu’uriata Hippue: We Have These Truths (Jose Maria Cupis) Timeline of Hiaki Military and Political Events in Mexico and Sonora, 1875–1952 Index About the Authors
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