The book offers a new model of international relations as the interaction of 18 Great Nations (including 100% of the population of the Earth) in 5 spheres of international relations (demographic, resource-environmental, cultural, economic, and political). The first volume provides a comparison of the Great Nations by five types of power (for 2020), which provides a new tool for analyzing and forecasting international problems. The possibilities of the universal theory of international relations for critical analysis of the concepts of geopolitics (Z. Brzezinski), the clash of civilizations (S. Huntington), the doctrine of shock (N. Klein), and a number of other concepts are shown.