Punctuated Equilibrium

In 1972 Stephen Jay Gould took the scientific world by storm with his paper on punctuated equilibrium, written with Niles Eldredge. Challenging a core assumption of Darwin's theory of evolution, it launched the career of one of the most influential evolutionary biologists of our time--perhaps the best known since Darwin.

Now, thirty-five years later, and five years after his untimely death, Punctuated Equilibrium (originally published as the central chapter of Gould's masterwork, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory) offers his only book-length testament on an idea he fiercely promoted, repeatedly refined, and tirelessly defended. Punctuated equilibrium holds that the great majority of species originate in geological moments (punctuations) and persist in stasis. The idea was hotly debated because it forced biologists to rethink entrenched ideas about evolutionary patterns and processes. But as Gould shows here in his typically exhaustive coverage, the idea has become the foundation of a new view of hierarchical selection and macroevolution.

What emerges strikingly from this book is that punctuated equilibrium represents a much broader paradigm about the nature of change--a worldview that may be judged as a distinctive and important movement within recent intellectual history. Indeed we may now be living within a punctuation, and our awareness of what this means may be the enduring legacy of one of America's best-loved scientists.

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Punctuated Equilibrium

In 1972 Stephen Jay Gould took the scientific world by storm with his paper on punctuated equilibrium, written with Niles Eldredge. Challenging a core assumption of Darwin's theory of evolution, it launched the career of one of the most influential evolutionary biologists of our time--perhaps the best known since Darwin.

Now, thirty-five years later, and five years after his untimely death, Punctuated Equilibrium (originally published as the central chapter of Gould's masterwork, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory) offers his only book-length testament on an idea he fiercely promoted, repeatedly refined, and tirelessly defended. Punctuated equilibrium holds that the great majority of species originate in geological moments (punctuations) and persist in stasis. The idea was hotly debated because it forced biologists to rethink entrenched ideas about evolutionary patterns and processes. But as Gould shows here in his typically exhaustive coverage, the idea has become the foundation of a new view of hierarchical selection and macroevolution.

What emerges strikingly from this book is that punctuated equilibrium represents a much broader paradigm about the nature of change--a worldview that may be judged as a distinctive and important movement within recent intellectual history. Indeed we may now be living within a punctuation, and our awareness of what this means may be the enduring legacy of one of America's best-loved scientists.

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Punctuated Equilibrium

Punctuated Equilibrium

by Stephen Jay Gould
Punctuated Equilibrium

Punctuated Equilibrium

by Stephen Jay Gould

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Overview

In 1972 Stephen Jay Gould took the scientific world by storm with his paper on punctuated equilibrium, written with Niles Eldredge. Challenging a core assumption of Darwin's theory of evolution, it launched the career of one of the most influential evolutionary biologists of our time--perhaps the best known since Darwin.

Now, thirty-five years later, and five years after his untimely death, Punctuated Equilibrium (originally published as the central chapter of Gould's masterwork, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory) offers his only book-length testament on an idea he fiercely promoted, repeatedly refined, and tirelessly defended. Punctuated equilibrium holds that the great majority of species originate in geological moments (punctuations) and persist in stasis. The idea was hotly debated because it forced biologists to rethink entrenched ideas about evolutionary patterns and processes. But as Gould shows here in his typically exhaustive coverage, the idea has become the foundation of a new view of hierarchical selection and macroevolution.

What emerges strikingly from this book is that punctuated equilibrium represents a much broader paradigm about the nature of change--a worldview that may be judged as a distinctive and important movement within recent intellectual history. Indeed we may now be living within a punctuation, and our awareness of what this means may be the enduring legacy of one of America's best-loved scientists.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780674037847
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Publication date: 07/01/2009
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 406
File size: 3 MB

About the Author

About The Author

Stephen Jay Gould was the Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology at Harvard University and Vincent Astor Visiting Professor of Biology at New York University. A MacArthur Prize Fellow, he received innumerable honors and awards and wrote many books, including Ontogeny and Phylogeny and Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle (both from Harvard).

Date of Birth:

September 10, 1941

Date of Death:

May 20, 2002

Place of Birth:

New York, New York

Place of Death:

Boston, Massachusetts

Education:

B.S., Antioch College, 1963; Ph.D., Columbia University, 1967

Table of Contents

Contents

Introduction

1 What Every Paleontologist Knows

An Introductory Example

Testimonials to Common Knowledge

Darwinian Solutions and Paradoxes

The Paradox of Insulation from Disproof

The Paradox of Stymied Practice

2 The Primary Claims of Punctuated Equilibrium

Data and Definitions

Microevolutionary Links

Macroevolutionary Implications

Tempo and the Significance of Stasis

Mode and the Speciational Foundation of Macroevolution

3 The Scientific Debate on Punctuated Equilibrium: Critiques and Responses

Critiques Based on the Definability of Paleontological Species

Empirical Affirmation

Reasons for a Potential Systematic Underestimation of Biospecies by

Paleospecies

Reasons for a Potential Systematic Overestimation of Biospecies by

Paleospecies

Reasons Why an Observed Punctuational Pattern Might Not Represent

Speciation

Critiques Based on Denying Events of Speciation as the Primary Locus of Change

Critiques Based on Supposed Failures of Empirical Results to Affirm Predictions

of Punctuated Equilibrium

Claims for Empirical Refutation by Cases

Phenotypes

Genotypes

Empirical Tests of Conformity with Models

4 Sources of Data for Testing Punctuated Equilibrium

Preamble

The Equilibrium in Punctuated Equilibrium: Quantitatively Documented Patterns

of Stasis in Unbranched Segments of Lineages

The Punctuations of Punctuated Equilibrium: Tempo and Mode in the Origin of

Paleospecies

The Inference of Cladogenesis by the Criterion of Ancestral Survival

The "Dissection" of Punctuations to Infer Both Existence and Modality

Time

Geography

Morphometric Mode

Proper and Adequate Tests of Relative Frequencies: The Strong Empirical

Validation of Punctuated Equilibrium

The Indispensability of Data on Relative Frequencies

Relative Frequencies for Higher Taxa in Entire Biotas

Relative Frequencies for Entire Clades

Causal Clues from Differential Patterns of Relative Frequencies

5 The Broader Implications of Punctuated Equilibrium for Evolutionary Theory and

General Notions of Change

What Changes May Punctuated Equilibrium Instigate in Our Views about

Evolutionary Mechanisms and the History of Life?

The Explanation and Broader Meaning of Stasis

Frequency

Generality

Causality

Punctuation, the Origin of New Macroevolutionary Individuals, and

Resulting Implications for Evolutionary Theory

Trends

The Speciational Reformulation of Macroevolution

Ecological and Higher-Level Extensions

Punctuation All the Way Up and Down? The Generalization and Broader Utility

of Punctuated Equilibrium (in More Than a Metaphorical Sense) at Other Levels of

Evolution, and for Other Disciplines In and Outside the Natural Sciences

General Models for Punctuated Equilibrium

Punctuational Change at Other Levels and Scales of Evolution

A Preliminary Note on Homology and Analogy in the Conceptual

Realm

Punctuation Below the Species Level

Punctuation Above the Species Level

Punctuational Models in Other Disciplines: Towards a General Theory of

Change

Principles for a Choice of Examples

Examples from the History of Human Artifacts and Cultures

Examples from Human Institutions and Theories about the Natural

World

Two Concluding Examples, a General Statement, and a Coda

Appendix: A Largely Sociological (and Fully Partisan) History of the Impact and

Critique of Punctuated Equilibrium

The Entrance of Punctuated Equilibrium into Common Language and General

Culture

An Episodic History of Punctuated Equilibrium

Early Stages and Future Contexts

Creationist Misappropriation of Punctuated Equilibrium

Punctuated Equilibrium in Journalism and Textbooks

The Personal Aspect of Professional Reaction

The Case Ad Hominem against Punctuated Equilibrium

An Interlude on Sources of Error

The Wages of Jealousy

The Descent to Nastiness

The Most Unkindest Cut of All

The Wisdom of Agassiz's and von Baer's Threefold History of

Scientific Ideas

A Coda on the Kindness and Generosity of Most Colleagues

Notes

Bibliography

Illustration Credits

Index

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