The Cognition of Basic Musical Structures available in Paperback

The Cognition of Basic Musical Structures
- ISBN-10:
- 0262701057
- ISBN-13:
- 9780262701051
- Pub. Date:
- 08/20/2004
- Publisher:
- MIT Press
- ISBN-10:
- 0262701057
- ISBN-13:
- 9780262701051
- Pub. Date:
- 08/20/2004
- Publisher:
- MIT Press

The Cognition of Basic Musical Structures
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Overview
After an introductory chapter, Temperley presents preference rule systems for generating six basic kinds of musical structure: meter, phrase structure, contrapuntal structure, harmony, and key, as well as pitch spelling (the labeling of pitch events with spellings such as A flat or G sharp). He suggests that preference rule systems not only show how musical structures are inferred, but also shed light on other aspects of music. He substantiates this claim with discussions of musical ambiguity, retrospective revision, expectation, and music outside the Western canon (rock and traditional African music). He proposes a framework for the description of musical styles based on preference rule systems and explores the relevance of preference rule systems to higher-level aspects of music, such as musical schemata, narrative and drama, and musical tension.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780262701051 |
---|---|
Publisher: | MIT Press |
Publication date: | 08/20/2004 |
Series: | The MIT Press |
Edition description: | New Edition |
Pages: | 422 |
Product dimensions: | 7.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.00(d) |
Age Range: | 18 Years |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface | ix | |
Acknowledgments | xiii | |
1 | Introduction | 1 |
1.1 | An Unanswered Question | 1 |
1.2 | Goals and Methodology | 4 |
1.3 | Music Cognition and Music Theory | 8 |
1.4 | The Input Representation | 9 |
1.5 | The Preference Rule Approach | 13 |
1.6 | The Implementation Strategy | 14 |
I | Six Preference Rule Systems | 21 |
2 | Metrical Structure | 23 |
2.1 | Meter | 23 |
2.2 | Previous Research on Metrical Analysis | 27 |
2.3 | A Preference Rule System for Meter | 30 |
2.4 | Implementation | 39 |
2.5 | Tests | 42 |
2.6 | Problems and Possible Improvements | 44 |
2.7 | Other Factors in Metrical Structure | 48 |
2.8 | Choosing the Right Tactus | 52 |
3 | Melodic Phrase Structure | 55 |
3.1 | Musical Grouping and Phrase Structure | 55 |
3.2 | Studies of Musical Grouping in Psychology | 56 |
3.3 | Models of Grouping Structure | 60 |
3.4 | A Preference Rule System for Melodic Phrase Structure | 65 |
3.5 | Implementation and Tests | 71 |
3.6 | Grouping in Polyphonic Music | 76 |
4 | Contrapuntal Structure | 85 |
4.1 | Counterpoint | 85 |
4.2 | Sequential Integration in Auditory Psychology | 87 |
4.3 | Computational Models of Contrapuntal Analysis | 91 |
4.4 | A Preference Rule System for Contrapuntal Analysis | 96 |
4.5 | Implementation | 102 |
4.6 | Tests | 106 |
5 | Pitch Spelling and the Tonal-Pitch-Class Representation | 115 |
5.1 | Pitch-Class, Harmony, and Key | 115 |
5.2 | Spatial Representations in Music Theory | 116 |
5.3 | Tonal-Pitch-Class Labeling | 123 |
5.4 | A Preference Rule System for Tonal-Pitch-Class Labeling | 124 |
5.5 | Implementation | 132 |
5.6 | Tests | 134 |
6 | Harmonic Structure | 137 |
6.1 | Harmony | 137 |
6.2 | Experimental and Computational Work on Harmonic Analysis | 139 |
6.3 | A Preference Rule System for Harmonic Analysis | 147 |
6.4 | Implementation | 154 |
6.5 | Some Subtle Features of the Model | 159 |
6.6 | Tests | 162 |
6.7 | Other Aspects of Harmonic Structure | 164 |
7 | Key Structure | 167 |
7.1 | Key | 167 |
7.2 | Psychological and Computational Work on Key | 168 |
7.3 | The Krumhansl-Schmuckler Key-Finding Algorithm | 173 |
7.4 | Improving the Algorithm's Performance | 176 |
7.5 | Modulation | 187 |
7.6 | Implementation | 188 |
7.7 | Tests | 191 |
7.8 | An Alternative Approach to Modulation | 198 |
II | Extensions and Implications | 203 |
8 | Revision, Ambiguity, and Expectation | 205 |
8.1 | Diachronic Processing and Ambiguity | 205 |
8.2 | Modeling the Diachronic Processing of Music | 206 |
8.3 | Examples of Revision | 210 |
8.4 | Revision in Tonal Analysis | 215 |
8.5 | Synchronic Ambiguity | 219 |
8.6 | Ambiguity in Contrapuntal Structure | 224 |
8.7 | Ambiguity in Meter | 228 |
8.8 | Expectation | 231 |
9 | Meter, Harmony, and Tonality in Rock | 237 |
9.1 | Beyond Common-Practice Music | 237 |
9.2 | Syncopation in Rock | 239 |
9.3 | Applications and Extensions of the Syncopation Model | 247 |
9.4 | Harmony in Rock | 253 |
9.5 | Modality and Tonicization in Rock | 258 |
10 | Meter and Grouping in African Music | 265 |
10.1 | African Rhythm | 265 |
10.2 | Meter in African Music | 268 |
10.3 | How Is Meter Inferred? | 272 |
10.4 | Western and African Meter: A Comparison | 276 |
10.5 | Hemiolas and the "Standard Pattern" | 279 |
10.6 | "Syncopation Shift" in African Music | 282 |
10.7 | Grouping Structure in African Music | 286 |
10.8 | Conclusions | 289 |
11 | Style, Composition, and Performance | 291 |
11.1 | The Study of Generative Processes in Music | 291 |
11.2 | Describing Musical Styles and Compositional Practice | 292 |
11.3 | Further Implications: Is Some Music "Nonmetrical"? | 299 |
11.4 | Preference Rules as Compositional Constraints: Some Relevant Research | 305 |
11.5 | Preference Rule Scores and Musical Tension | 307 |
11.6 | Performance | 317 |
12 | Functions of the Infrastructure | 325 |
12.1 | Beyond the Infrastructure | 325 |
12.2 | Motivic Structure and Encoding | 326 |
12.3 | Musical Schemata | 336 |
12.4 | Tension and Energy | 339 |
12.5 | The Functions of Harmony and Tonality | 340 |
12.6 | Arbitrariness | 345 |
12.7 | Explaining Musical Details: An Exercise in Recomposition | 349 |
12.8 | The Power of Common-Practice Music | 354 |
Appendix | List of Rules | 357 |
Notes | 361 | |
References | 381 | |
Author Index | 393 | |
Subject Index | 397 |
What People are Saying About This
This book definitively transforms music theory from a discipline yielding interesting and sophisticated, but mostly abstract, theories of music into a science that develops precise and testable models of music perception, thus providing genuine insights into the structures and mechanisms involved in the processing of music. In addition to its own substantial contribution to the field, this work sets the stage for future developments in both music theory and music psychology.
Temperley's book is a landmark effort that integrates three strands of contemporary music theory: preference rule formalisms, music cognition, and computational modeling. Temperley wisely encourages music scholars to reconsider basic topics such as key, meter, and harmony. In addressing anew these concepts the books lays the most solid foundations yet described for the analysis of music. At the same time, the book provides lucid insights into such phenomena as rock music and African rhythms. A major contribution to music theory.
This book makes substantial progress in the computer modeling of basic aspects of musical cognition. The author's presentation of complex subject matter is as direct and straightforward as one could wish. His writing is natural, clear, and unfailingly logical.
Temperley's book is an interesting computational application of forward-looking ideas current in music cognition with regards to conventional, tonal music. Offering a diverse, wide-reaching discussion of 'common practice' music, it gives a strong nod towards the formality induced by necessity from computational models, and is very welcome in so doing.
Temperley's book is a landmark effort that integrates three strands of contemporary music theory: preference rule formalisms, music cognition, and computational modeling. Temperley wisely encourages music scholars to reconsider basic topics such as key, meter, and harmony. In addressing anew these concepts the books lays the most solid foundations yet described for the analysis of music. At the same time, the book provides lucid insights into such phenomena as rock music and African rhythms. A major contribution to music theory.
David Huron, Professor of Music, Ohio State University, and author of Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation
Temperley's book is an interesting computational application of forward-looking ideas current in music cognition with regards to conventional, tonal music. Offering a diverse, wide-reaching discussion of 'common practice' music, it gives a strong nod towards the formality induced by necessity from computational models, and is very welcome in so doing.
Larry Polansky, Joseph Straus 1922 Professor of Music, Dartmouth College, co-author of the computer music language HMSL and co-director, Frog Peak MusicThis book makes substantial progress in the computer modeling of basic aspects of musical cognition. The author's presentation of complex subject matter is as direct and straightforward as one could wish. His writing is natural, clear, and unfailingly logical.
Fred Lerdahl, Fritz Reiner Professor of Music, Columbia UniversityThis book definitively transforms music theory from a discipline yielding interesting and sophisticated, but mostly abstract, theories of music into a science that develops precise and testable models of music perception, thus providing genuine insights into the structures and mechanisms involved in the processing of music. In addition to its own substantial contribution to the field, this work sets the stage for future developments in both music theory and music psychology.
Dirk-Jan Povel, Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information (NICI)Temperley's book is a landmark effort that integrates three strands of contemporary music theory: preference rule formalisms, music cognition, and computational modeling. Temperley wisely encourages music scholars to reconsider basic topics such as key, meter, and harmony. In addressing anew these concepts the books lays the most solid foundations yet described for the analysis of music. At the same time, the book provides lucid insights into such phenomena as rock music and African rhythms. A major contribution to music theory.
David Huron, Professor of Music, Ohio State University, and author of Sweet Anticipation: Music and the Psychology of Expectation