Table of Contents

1 Introduction to biocide use.- 1.1 What are biocides?.- 1.2 Control of biocide use.- 1.3 Testing of biocides.- References.- Appendices.- 2 Legislative aspects.- 2.1 North America.- 2.2 Outside North America.- 3 Process cooling water.- 3.1 Overview.- 3.2 Problems caused by microorganisms.- 3.3 Control of problems caused by microorganisms.- 3.4 Types of microbicides.- 3.5 State-of-the-art technology.- 4 Paper, pulp and food grade paper.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Types of microorganisms encountered.- 4.3 Control of microorganisms.- 4.4 Microbiological examination of pulp, paper and paperboard.- 4.5 Efficacy testing of antimicrobial agents.- References.- 5 Biocides for metalworking lubricants hydraulic fluids.- 5.1 Nature of metalworking fluids.- 5.2 Hydraulic fluids (HF).- References.- 6 Biocides in oilfield operations.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Oilfield operations.- 6.3 Microbes found in oilfield facilities.- 6.4 Biocides.- 6.5 Monitoring bacteria in oilfields.- 6.6 Biocide testing.- 6.7 Environmental issues.- References.- 7 Fuels biocides.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Ecology.- 7.3 The microbial problem.- 7.4 Antimicrobial strategies.- 7.5 Preservation.- 7.6 Fuel system decontamination.- 7.7 Test methods for biocide efficacy.- 7.8 Monitoring.- 7.9 Commercial anti-microbial agents.- 7.10 Biocides—present and future.- 7.11 Summary of strategies.- References.- 8 Biocides for use in the textile industry.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Testing of textile materials for resistance to microbial attack.- 8.3 Microbial activity on textile materials—methods of assessment.- 8.4 Biocide testing in laboratory conditions.- 8.5 Standard test methods.- 8.6 Recent developments in biocide testing techniques.- 8.7 Conclusions.- 9 The use of biocides in paint preservation.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Whyuse a film biocide in print?.- 9.3 Historic developments of paint biocides.- 9.4 What constitutes a good paint film biocide.- 9.5 Adding the biocide to paint.- 9.6 Biocide efficacy.- 9.7 What types of product are on the market?.- 9.8 How paint film preservatives fail.- 9.9 Future trends in paint film biocides.- 9.10 Wet-state paint preservation.- 9.11 Future trends in paint preservatives.- References.- 10 Biocides used in wood preservation.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 The chemical composition of wood.- 10.3 Agents of timber degrade.- 10.4 Marine animals.- 10.5 Timber preservatives.- 10.6 Test methods for evaluating the performance of wood preservatives.- 11 The selection of disinfectants for use in food hygiene.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Chlorine.- 11.3 Iodine.- 11.4 Acid anionic sanitizers.- 11.5 Peracetic acid.- 11.6 Quaternary ammonium compounds.- 11.7 Amphoterics.- 11.8 Polymeric Biguanides.- 11.9 Other biocidal agents.- 11.10 Chlorine dioxide.- 11.11 Glutaraldehyde/formaldehyde.- 11.12 Isothiazolinones.- 11.13 Phenols.- 11.14 Hydrogen peroxide.- 11.15 Legal/regulatory considerations.- 11.16 Summary.- References.- 12 Antimicrobial food preservatives.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Direct antimicrobial preservatives.- 12.3 Indirect antimicrobial preservatives.- 12.4 Directions for test solutions (T.S.) referred to in text.- References.- 13 Preservation of cosmetics and toiletries.- 13.1 Historical background to the modern concept of preservation.- 13.2 Practical application of the concept.- 13.3 Alternatives to chemical preservatives.- References.- Appendices — Cosmetic preservations allowed in the EU.- Appendix A Profiles of allowed preservatives.- Appendix B Profiles of preservatives provisionally allowed.- Lists of Standards reproduced.