Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Edition.

Preface to the Paperback Edition.

Preface to the First Edition.

Maps.

Introduction.

1. The Study of Mongol History.

The Secret History of the Mongols.

Chinese Sources.

Persian Sources.

European Sources.

Modern Studies.

2. Nomads of the Steppe: Asia before Chingiz Khān.

Steppe Society.

Mongol Religious Beliefs.

The Mongols’ Steppe Predecessors.

Asia at the Beginning of the Thirteenth Century.

3. Chingiz Khān and the Founding of the Mongol Empire.

Chingiz Khān’s Rise to Power.

Chingiz Khān’s Campaigns of Conquest.

The Effects of the Mongol Conquests.

4. Nature and Institutions of the Mongol Empire.

The Mongol Army.

Law.

Taxation.

Communications.

The Mongol Approach to Government.

5. The Mongols in China.

Chingiz Khān’s Successors.

The Reign of Qubilai.

The Mongols and Buddhism.

Mongol Rule in China.

The Decline of Yüan Power.

6. Expansion to the West: The Mongols in Russia and Persia.

The Invasion of Russia and Eastern Europe.

The Golden Horde.

The Mongols and the Middle East.

Hülegü’s Expedition.

The Īlkhāns of Persia.

Ghazan and Reform.

The Last Īlkhāns.

7. The Mongols and Europe.

Europe and Asia.

The First Direct Contacts.

The Īlkhāns and Western Christendom.

Eastern Images of Europe.

The Mongol Legacy.

8. What Became of the Mongols?.

9. The Mongol Empire since 1985.

Sources.

Studies.

References.

Supplementary Bibliography.

Chronology of Events.

Dynastic Tables.

The Great Khāns.

Yüan Emperors of China.

Khāns of the Golden Horde.

Īlkhāns of Persia.

Index