Table of Contents

Maps
Preface

Chapter 1. America, Iberia, and Africa Before the Conquest
Amerindian Civilizations on the Eve of European Conquest
The Iberian World in the Late Fifteenth Century
Atlantic Africa in the Fifteenth Century
First Encounters in the New World

Chapter 2. The Age of Conquest
The Conquest of Mexico
The Conquest of Peru
The Ebb Tide of Conquest
Black Participation in the Age of Conquest
Conundrums and the Columbian Exchange

Chapter 3. Ruling New World Empires
Imperial Organization and Administration
The Colonial Church
The Inquisition

Chapter 4. Population and Labor
Changes in the Colonial Population
Indian Labor
Slavery and the Slave Trade

Chapter 5. Production, Exchange, and Defense
The Mining and Sugar Industries
International Trade and Taxation
Defense
The Colonial Economy

Chapter 6. The Social Economy: Societies of Caste and Class
Evolution of Colonial Societies
The Elites
Urban and Rural Middle Groups
The Broad Base of Colonial Society

Chapter 7. The Family and Society
Family: The Foundation of Colonial Society
Women in Colonial Societies and Economies
The Culture of Honor

Chapter 8. Living in an Empire
Colonial Settings
Daily Life in the Colonies
The Cultural Milieu

Chapter 9. Imperial Expansion
The Spanish Colonies: From the War of Succession to the Loss of Havana
Brazil in the Age of Expansion

Chapter 10. The Era of Caroline Reforms
Reconfiguration of Empire
Church, State, and the Enlightenment
Population Growth and Social Change
Colonial Economies in the Reform Era
Protest and Insurrections

Chapter 11. Crisis and Political Revolution
The World Turned Upside Down
An Era of War and Crisis for Spain and Portugal
Governments of Resistance and Political Revolution, 1808-12

Chapter 12. From Empire to Independence
Ferdinand and the Failure of Absolutism
Independence in Spanish America
Portugal and Brazil in an Era of Revolution
Cuba: The "Ever Faithful Isle"
Spain After the Loss of the Mainland Empire

Chapter 13. Epilogue
The Economy
Government and Political Life
Social Change

A Note on Periodical Literature and Suggested Readings
Glossary
Illustration Sources and Credits
Monarchs of Spain and Portugal
Index

Maps

Map 1: Topographical Map of Latin America
Map 2: Major Amerindian cultures
Map 3: The Iberian Peninsula in the mid-fifteenth century
Map 4: West and West Central Africa in the early sixteenth century
Map 5: Major Territorial Divisions in 1650
Map 6: Colonial Trade
Map 7: Colonial Latin America: Political Organization
Map 8: Latin America in 1830