Table of Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Historical Maps of Scandinavia x
1 Denmark-Norway and the Ideology of Patriotism 1
Between a Rock and a Hard Place 1
The Danish-Norwegian State 3
Dissatisfaction and Identity in Denmark-Norway 5
Patriotism and Fatherland 8
Society, Absolutism and Foreign Powers 12
Denmark-Norway and the Politics of 'the Palmy Days' 16
The Exploitation of Neutrality 20
The First Battle of Copenhagen, 1801 23
The Last Years of Peace 25
2 The Bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807 28
The Peace of Tilsit 28
The British Fleet in Danish Waters 32
Landing and Occupation 34
Fortress Copenhagen 36
Volunteers 37
The Militia and the Battle of the Clogs at Køge 37
The Besieged City 39
The Bombardment 41
Death and Destruction 44
Reactions in Denmark-Norway 45
Scapegoats 47
Collections after the Bombardment of Copenhagen 48
'That damned thief the Englishman' 49
Looting at Holmen and the Loss of the Fleet 51
Reactions in Great Britain 52
The Return of the Crown Prince 53
The Defence of the Fatherland and the Function of History 53
History as a Battlefield 56
Jesus, the Patriot 57
3 Scandinavian War, 1808-09 59
From Copenhagen to the River Kymme 59
The Swedish Attack on Norway 63
The Swedish-Norwegian Border War 65
Danish-Norwegian Reactions to the War with Sweden 67
Wooing and Winning the Norwegians 70
Popular Resistance in Norway 72
To Die for an Ideal 79
Occupation, Recalcitrance and Collaboration 81
An Amicable Occupation 83
Crisis and Devastation 86
The Fall of Gustav IV Adolph and an Opportunity for Scandinavia 89
Discontent and Conspiracies 94
4 Naval and Economic Warfare 98
A New Fleet 98
Naval War 100
Imprisoned Sailors 103
Privateering 105
The Double Blockade 110
Economic Crisis and State Bankruptcy 115
Patriotic Societies 123
Corn to Norway and Criticism of Denmark 126
Famine Exploited 130
Postwar Ruin 133
The Scope of War 135
5 Internal Changes and External Threats, 1810-12 138
Respite, Discontent and Dangers 138
The Society for the Welfare of Norway 139
Norwegian Demands 141
The First Turning Point: The Sudden Death of Crown Prince Carl August 145
The Second Turning Point: The Second Crisis of Swedish Succession 146
Proto-Scandinavianism 150
The Annexation of Holstein 153
Resentment and Resistance in Holstein 160
Renewed Threat from Sweden 163
The Threat from Napoleon 164
Frederick's Absolutism and the 'Red Feathers' 167
Dawning Separatism in Norway 170
6 Endgames 1812-13 174
Chained to Napoleon 174
The Russo-Swedish Alliance 178
Denmark-Norway and Napoleon's Defeat 180
Fighting Napoleon 183
Crisis in Norway 188
Sweden's Designs on Norway 190
The Effects of Swedish Propaganda 195
Prince Christian Frederick and Norway 197
War and Defeat in Holstein 200
Room for Manoeuvre 205
7 Postlude Freedom and Suppression, 1814-15 208
Peace in Scandinavia? 208
Danish Double-dealing? 209
Mental Mobilisation 212
The Prince's Policy 214
When Home Is a Foreign Country 216
On the Brink of Revolution? 217
A House Divided 220
The Ghost of Reunification 223
The Struggle over Citizenship 224
The Norwegian Constitutional Act and the National Monarchy 226
Conscription and the Will to Defend the Country 228
Contributions on the Altar of the Fatherland 229
A Free Norway or a United Scandinavia 229
Swedish Policy 233
Targeting the Common People 236
A People's War as a Political Instrument 237
The Diplomatic Endgame 239
'The War of Cats' 241
Deserters 244
Autumn in Norway 245
The New Norway 250
The Immediate Consequences of Separation 251
Denmark and the Congress of Vienna 252
8 Denmark and Norway after Denmark-Norway 257
War and Separation 257
A Norwegian Model 261
The Settlement of the Danish-Norwegian Estate 261
The Norwegian View of Denmark in the Wake of the Separation 268
Danish Relations with Norwegians Shortly after the Separation 271
An Independent Language by Name or by Nature 272
The Fellowship Continued 274
1905 - The Waterloo for the Common Culture 276
Notes 279
Bibliography 295
Index 317
