Table of Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Preface x
Abbreviations xii
1 Introduction 1
Official Lies and the ‘Constantinian Question’ 2
The Progress of Historical Research 6
Contemporary Perspectives on Constantine 8
Coins, Inscriptions and Monuments 16
2 The Soldier and the Stable-Girl 27
The Social Status of Helena 30
The Marriage of Constantine’s Parents 33
Constantius’ Second Wife 38
The Later Life of Helena 42
3 Constantine, the Ruins of Babylon and the Court of Pharaoh 46
The Diocletianic Tetrarchy (293–305) 46
The Appointment of New Emperors 49
Constantine in the East (293–305) 51
The Dynastic Coup of 305 56
4 The Road to Rome 61
Constantine’s Proclamation and Recognition as Emperor 62
Politics and Warfare 306–310 66
The Vision of Constantine 74
The Invasion of Italy 80
Constantine in Rome and Christmas 312 83
Constantinian Churches in Rome 85
Appendix: The Status of Constantine 306–311 89
5 Brothers-in-Law 90
Constantine and Licinius in Milan 90
Was there an ‘Edict of Milan’? 93
Towards War 97
From Cibalae (316) to Chrysopolis (324) 103
6 The Transformation of the East 107
The Foundation of Constantinople 111
An Imperial Sermon 113
The Council of Nicaea 120
A Christian Capital for a Christian Roman Empire 126
Pro-Christian Legislation 131
Constantine and Ecclesiastical Politics 140
East and West in the Fourth Century 142
7 Dynastic Politics after the Council of Nicaea 144
The Deaths of Crispus and Fausta 144
A Third Wife for Constantine? 150
The Organization of the Empire 153
Constantine’s Dynastic Plans 163
An Astrologer’s Praise of Constantine 168
Tables: Dynastic Alliances and Children of Emperors 285–337 170
Appendix: The Dynastic Marriages of 335 and 336 171
8 Epilogue 173
Appendix A: The Career of Lactantius 176
Appendix B: Galerius’ Sarmatian Victories 179
Appendix C: The Panegyrici Latini and Constantine 181
Appendix D: Eusebius, On Easter (De Sollemnitate Paschali) 185
Appendix E: Nicagoras in Egypt 192
Appendix F: Praxagoras of Athens 195
Appendix G: An Anonymous Panegyric of Constantine 198
Notes 201
Bibliography 226
Index 254
