| Preface to Revised Edition | IX |
| Introduction a Working Definition of "Anabaptist" | XIII |
| Inadequate Information on Anabaptism | XIII |
| What does "Anabaptist" Mean? | XV |
| A Working Hypothesis | XVI |
Chapter I | The Quest for the Essence of Anabaptism | 1 |
A. | Radicalism in the Centers of Reform | 2 |
| In North Germany | 3 |
| In Switzerland | 12 |
| In South Germany and Strassburg | 18 |
B. | Revolution | 27 |
| The "Maccabean" Type of Radical | 28 |
| The Davidic Realm at Munster (1534-1535) | 29 |
| Persecution Intensified | 32 |
C. | An Unusual Case: The Tolerance of Philipp of Hesse | 32 |
| Refusal to Put Dissenters to Death | 33 |
| Attitude to Church Reform | 34 |
| Success of Philipp's Policy | 35 |
D. | Who Were "The Evangelical Taufer"? | 36 |
| A Convenantal People | 37 |
| The Problem of Classification | 43 |
Chapter II | The Fall of the Church | 46 |
A. | Religious Primitivism as a Pattern of Thought | 48 |
| Anabaptism: A Form of Christian Primitivism | 46 |
| Sources of Sixteenth-Century Primitivism | 50 |
| The Fall of the Church | 55 |
B. | Elements in the Idea of the Fall | 57 |
| Glorification of the Heroic Age | 58 |
| After the Golden Age, a Fall | 61 |
C. | Uses of the Idea of the Fall | 62 |
| Chronological Aspects | 62 |
| Cultural Aspects: The Marks of the Fallen Church | 64 |
D. | Analysis of the Idea of the Fall | 72 |
| Periodization of History | 75 |
| Eschatology | 76 |
E. | Origins of the Idea in the Left Wing | 77 |
Chapter III | The Restitution of the True Church | 79 |
A. | The Problem of Continuity | |
| Where did the Restitution Begin? | 80 |
| A Different View of Tradition | 82 |
B. | What Are the Marks of the True Church? | 82 |
| Believer's Baptism | 83 |
| Spiritual Government | 86 |
| Community | 95 |
| The Lord's Supper | 98 |
| The Authority of Civil Government; Passive Obedience | 101 |
Chapter IV | The Great Commission | 109 |
A. | The Anabaptist Understanding of the Command | 111 |
| Central to Their Testimony | 111 |
| Relevant to the Life of the Common Man | 113 |
B. | The Opposition of the Reformers to Literal Obedience | 114 |
| Command exhausted in Apostolic Age | 114 |
| Maintaining an Intact Christendom | 115 |
C. | The Recapture of Early Christian Missionary Zeal | 117 |
| The Method | 117 |
| The Heroic Prototype | 119 |
| Economic Factors of Importance | 123 |
D. | Quiet Eschatology | 127 |
| Eschatology a Common Ground for Revolutionaries and Nonresistants | 128 |
| A Theology of Suffering | 132 |
| The Anabaptists and Natural Law | 134 |
E. | The Verdict of History | 135 |
Chapter V | The Changing Reputation of the Anabaptists | 138 |
| The Critical Problem | 138 |
A. | Former Treatments of Anabaptism and the Source Problem | 143 |
| Traditional Interpretations | 143 |
| Lutheran | |
| Reformed | |
| Roman Catholic | |
| In-Group Records and Writings | 148 |
| Friendly Out-Group Writing | 152 |
B. | Current Developments in Interpretation | 154 |
| Impact of Religious Sociologists | 154 |
| The Rediscovery of Primary Sources | 156 |
| The Disputations | 159 |
C. | In Conclusion | 160 |
| Notes | 162 |
| Selected Bibliography | 215 |
| Index | 223 |