This is the first systematic presentaiton in English of information gathered on the terrestrial mammals (including bats) of Israel. The Introduction briefly describes the physical and biological characteristics of the study area; the zoogeography and ecology of the mammals of Israel and the impact of man on their conservation, distribution and populations; and the history of mammal research in Israel. The account of each species presents details regarding its distribution, fossil record (when available), karyotype, ecology, diet, behaviour, reproduction, parasites and relations with man, accompanied by a distribution map, skull photos, and tables of the body and skull characters of specimens deposited in the Israeli museums. The documentation is completed by a rich selection of colour photographs.