Table of Contents

Foreword xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Contributors xvii

Abbreviations xix

Introduction 1

South Africa's Lessons in Progress 1

The Landscape in 1994 2

Economic and Social Transformation, 1994-2014 3

Budding Inclusive Public Sector Institutions and Implementing Institutional Reforms 5

Cross-Cutting Lessons and Challenges Ahead 9

Notes 11

References 11

Chapter 1 Developing an Intergovernmental Fiscal Framework Catriona Purfield 13

Introduction 13

The Policy Challenge 14

Addressing the Challenge 16

Results Achieved 27

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 31

Notes 34

References 35

Chapter 2 Increasing Budget Transparency Neil Cole Aarti Shah Gert van der Linde 37

Introduction 37

The Policy Challenge: The Institutional Restructuring of the Budget 38

Addressing the Policy Challenge 40

Results Achieved 48

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 52

Note 53

References 54

Chapter 3 Raising Tax Revenue David Hausman Precious Zikhali 55

Introduction 55

The Policy Challenge 56

Addressing the Policy Challenge 57

Results Achieved 66

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 67

Notes 69

References 70

Chapter 4 Strengthening Performance Monitoring and Evaluation Kathrin A. Plangemann 71

Introduction 71

The Policy Challenge 73

Addressing the Policy Challenge 75

Results Achieved 80

Conclusions; Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 83

Notes 88

References 89

Chapter 5 Creating an Inclusive and Credible Statistical System Misha V. Belkindas Phindile Ngwenya 91

Introduction 91

The Policy Challenge 92

Addressing the Policy Challenge 94

Results Achieved 98

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 99

References 101

Chapter 6 Expanding HIV/AIDS Treatment Patrick Lumumba Osewe Yogan Pillay 103

Introduction 103

The Policy Challenge 105

Addressing the Policy Challenge 107

Results Achieved 113

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 113

Notes 116

References 116

Chapter 7 Reforming the Social Assistance System Lucilia Maria Bruni 119

Introduction 119

The Policy Challenge 120

Addressing the Policy Challenge 122

Results Achieved 131

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 131

Note 133

References 133

Chapter 8 Improving the Delivery of Identification Documents to Facilitate Access to Services John Carneson Zandile Ratshitanga 135

Introduction 135

The Policy Challenge 138

Addressing the Policy Challenge 138

Results Achieved 145

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 147

Notes 149

References 149

Chapter 9 Protecting Biodiversity, Rehabilitating Ecosystems, and Promoting Conservation for Development Christopher J. Warner Claudia Sobreinla George C. Ledec 151

Introduction 151

The Policy Challenge 152

Addressing the Policy Challenge 153

Results Achieved 159

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 161

Notes 163

References 163

Chapter 10 Improving the Management of the National Road Network Ben Gericke 165

Introduction 165

The Policy Challenge 166

Addressing the Policy Challenge 166

Results Achieved 175

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 176

References 178

Chapter 11 Developing Renewable Energy through an Independent Power Producer Procurement Program Joel Kolker 179

Introduction 179

The Policy Challenge 181

Addressing the Policy Challenge 182

Results Achieved 186

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 190

Notes 193

References 194

Chapter 12 The Making of the 1996 Constitution Ivan Velev Nonhlahla Zindela 195

Introduction 195

The Policy Challenge 196

Addressing the Challenge 197

Results Achieved 202

Conclusions: Success Factors, Challenges, and Lessons Learned 204

Notes 207

References 209

Conclusions: Lessons on Policy Making and Implementation 211

Introduction 211

Key Success Factors in Policy Making 212

Key Success Factors in Policy Implementation 218

Risks to Sustainability 224

The Final Word 225

Boxes

7.1 Mashavha v. the President of the Republic of South Africa 122

9.1 Finding Win-Win Cooperative Solutions to Sustainable Potato Growing in the Western Cape 155

9.2 Protecting Biodiversity, Increasing Water Plows, and Creating Jobs 157

9.3 Getting Sectors to Embrace Environmental Considerations 158

9.4 Combatting Corruption 161

10.1 Impact of the Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project (GFIP) 173

Figure

1.1 Key Milestones and Evolution of Subnational Spending Share In Total Spending 28

3.1 Tax Revenue in South Africa as a Percent of GDP, 1994/95-2013/14 66

4.1 Creation and Implementation of South Africa's Performance Monitoring and Evaluation System, 1995-2014 79

C.1 Creating a Virtuous Cycle of Change 221

Tables

1.1 Key Economic Indicators in South Africa, 1992-94, 2005-07, and 2012-14 4

1.2 Key Economic Indicators in South Africa, 1992-94 and 2012-14 5

1.1 Intergovernmental Budget Relations, 1994 and 2013 29

6.1 Health Expenditure and Outcomes in Selected Upper-Middle-Income Countries 104

6.2 Annual Expenditure on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa, 2007-12 111

8.1 Performance by the Department of Home Affairs, 1994-2013 137

10.1 Management Responsibility for Paved and Gravel Roads in South Africa, 2014 175

11.1 Results of First Five Rounds of the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Program (REIPPPP) 187

11.2 Average Bids in First Five Rounds or the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Program (REIPPPP) 188