Table of Contents

1. Introduction.

History of the Disabled.

How the Disabled Person Reacts.

Current Attitudes toward Disability.

A Brief Look at the Professions.

2. Basic Components of Speech and Language.

The Speech Mechanism.

Linguistic Elements.

Speech Acoustics.

3. Development of Speech and Language.

Prerequisites for Speech Development.

Sociocultural Factors.

Reflexive Utterances.

Babbling.

Inflected Vocal Play.

The First Words.

Syntax: Learning to Talk in Sentences.

Phonological Development.

Semantics: The Development of Meaning.

Prosody and Pragmatics.

A Note on Aging.

4. Speech Disorders.

Definition.

Articulation Disorders.

Fluency Disorders.

Voice Disorders.

5. Emotional Aspects of Communication Disorders.

Components of the Emotional Fraction.

How the Speech-Language Pathologist Copes with These Problems.

6. Developmental Language Disabilities.

Nonverbal Children.

Delayed or Deviant Language.

Acquired Language Disorders in Children.

Deterrents to Language Acquisition.

Diagnosing the Language Problem.

Language Therapy.

7. Articulation and Phonology.

Dialect Differences.

Causes of Articulation Disorders.

Analyzing Misarticulations.

Correcting Misarticulations.

8. Fluency Disorders.

What is Stuttering?

Prevalence.

The Onset of Stuttering.

Development of the Disorder.

The Etiology of Stuttering.

Stuttering as a Self-Reinforcing Disorder.

The Treatment of Stuttering.

Cluttering.

9. Voice Disorders.

Classification Systems.

Organically Based Disorders.

Medical and Surgical Management.

Functional Voice Disorders.

Basics of Voice Evaluation.

General Principles of Therapy.

Laryngectomy.

Alaryngeal Speech.

10. Cleft Palate.

Types of Clefts.

Causes of Clefts.

The Impact of Clefts.

The Oral Cleft Team.

Surgical Management.

Prostheses.

Speech Impairments.

Assessment Procedures.

Therapy Principles and Procedures.

11. Aphasia and Related Disorders.

Overview.

Causes of Aphasia.

Differential Diagnosis.

Assessment of Communicative Disability.

Approaches to Therapy.

Prognostic Factors.

Dementias.

12. Neuropathologies of Speech.

Dysarthria.

Apraxia.

Dysprosody.

Cerebral Palsy.

Traumatic Brain Injury.

Therapy Considerations.

Alternative and Augmentative Communication.

13. Hearing and Hearing Impairment.

The Hearing Mechanism.

Prevalence of Hearing Loss.

Determination of Hearing Acuity.

Types of Hearing Loss.

Causes of Hearing Impairment.

Deafness.

Amplification.

Cochlear Prostheses.

14. The Professions.

Historical Overview.

Career Options

Service Delivery Models.

Specialization.

Support Personnel.

Professional Organizations.

Standards Programs.

Issues of Law and Ethics.

Future Trends.

Appendix ASHA Code of Ethics.

Appendix AAA Code of Ethics.

Appendix Scope of Practice: Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology.

Appendix Related Professional Organizations.

Glossary.