Colin Renouf is an enterprise architect responsible for middleware technology for a large U.K.-based bank. Formerly an aeronautical engineer at an aircraft engines company, Colin has 25 years of experience in the IT industry. Colin originally specialized in Windows development and infrastructure, but being familiar with AIX from the early days and with a keen interest in Java/J2EE, Colin has added WAS and AIX to his specialties. As an active member of user communities, Colin runs some of the largest user groups in the world, notably that for AIX and jointly that for all things WebSphere. Colin has a bachelor's degree in aeronautical engineering and another in information technology and social sciences from reputable U.K. universities, and has studied a number of other subjects at degree level. Colin is the author of the "WAS Under The Hood" section of the WebSphere on AIX Best Practices and Optimization Redbook and ""Enterprise Infrastructure"" Redpaper, the WAS Internals series in IBM Systems Magazine, and various presentations on the subject of how WAS works as part of the user group conference scene.