| Preface to the Second Edition | ix |
| Preface | xi |
| Introduction | 1 |
1 | The Rural Setting of Crime and Justice | 5 |
| Geographic Isolation | 8 |
| Availability of Guns | 12 |
| Economic Factors | 16 |
| Chronic Poverty | 16 |
| Economic Extremes | 18 |
| Thin Economies | 21 |
| Race and Ethnicity | 21 |
| Race in Rural Areas | 21 |
| Ethnicity in Rural Areas | 23 |
| Race, Ethnicity, and Crime | 23 |
| Hicks, Rednecks, and "White Trash" | 25 |
| Social Climate | 27 |
| Informal Control | 27 |
| Mistrust of Government | 29 |
| Reluctance to Share Internal Problems | 32 |
| Summary | 34 |
2 | Rural and Small-Town Crime | 35 |
| Fear of Crime | 37 |
| Rural versus Urban Crime | 38 |
| Trends in Rural Crime | 41 |
| Special Issues | 46 |
| Gangs | 46 |
| Alcohol and Drugs | 53 |
| Rural Schools | 59 |
| Vice and Organized Crime | 61 |
| Violence | 62 |
| Hate Crimes and Anti-Government Groups | 68 |
| Satanic Cults | 74 |
| Arson | 76 |
| Agricultural Crimes | 79 |
| Wildlife Crimes | 83 |
| Borders | 86 |
| Environment and Ecology | 86 |
| Emerging Issues | 89 |
| Summary | 91 |
3 | Rural and Small-Town Police | 95 |
| Who Are Rural Police? | 97 |
| Sheriffs versus Municipal Police | 98 |
| Federal, State, and Local Cooperation | 102 |
| Department Size | 104 |
| The Effectiveness of Rural Departments | 108 |
| Styles of Policing in Rural Areas | 109 |
| Community Policing | 115 |
| Violence and Rural Police | 119 |
| The Use of Deadly Force | 121 |
| Excessive Force and Police Corruption | 122 |
| Special Problems | 128 |
| Survey of Rural Police Needs | 130 |
| Crime Problems | 132 |
| The Context of Rural Crime and Policing | 133 |
| Training Needs | 134 |
| Chiefs versus Sheriffs | 138 |
| Summary | 139 |
4 | Other Parts of the System | 143 |
| The Practice of Law | 146 |
| Prosecutors | 148 |
| Rural Courts | 150 |
| Probation | 153 |
| Rural Jails | 156 |
| Prisons | 158 |
| Summary | 161 |
5 | Where Do We Go from Here? | 163 |
| Broad Issues | 165 |
| Special Topics | 167 |
| Domestic Violence | 167 |
| Drugs | 168 |
| Arson | 168 |
| Timber Theft | 168 |
| Gangs and Gang Influences | 169 |
| Crime and Violence in Rural Schools | 169 |
| Crimes Connected to Highways | 170 |
| Impact of Casinos and Legal Gambling | 170 |
| Impact of Technology on Crime and the Victimization of Rural Citizens | 170 |
| Environmental Crimes | 170 |
| Crime in Areas of Transition | 171 |
| Crime by and the Victimization of Special Populations | 171 |
| Crime by and against Minorities in Rural Areas | 171 |
| Rednecks, White Trash, and Trailer Trash | 172 |
| Native Americans | 172 |
| Victim Services | 172 |
| Impact of Prisons on Crime and Justice in Rural Areas | 172 |
| Getting Training to Rural Police | 173 |
| Attracting and Retaining Rural Police Officers | 173 |
| Reserve, Volunteer, and Part-Time Police | 173 |
| Part-Time Departments | 174 |
| Handling Juvenile Offenders in Rural Areas | 174 |
| Urban Police Officers Who Begin Working in Rural Areas | 174 |
| A Job Task Analysis of Rural Police Work | 174 |
| Evaluating Rural Criminal Justice Agencies | 175 |
| Women and Minorities in Rural Police Work | 175 |
| Explaining the High Rate of Felonious Killings of Rural Police | 175 |
| Killings by Rural Police | 176 |
| Role of Rural Police in Crime Prevention | 176 |
| Innovative Uses of Technology by Rural Police | 176 |
| Rural Resource Sharing | 177 |
| Community Policing in Rural Areas | 177 |
| Working Relationships among Rural Justice Agencies | 177 |
| Local, State, and Federal Cooperation | 178 |
| Summary | 178 |
Appendix A | What Is Rural? | 179 |
| Conceptual Issues | 180 |
| Demographic | 180 |
| Economic | 181 |
| Social Structure | 182 |
| Cultural | 182 |
| Conceptualization of "Rural" | 183 |
| Measurement Issues | 186 |
| Analytical Issues | 191 |
| Rural as a Quantitative Variable versus a Typological Category | 192 |
| Rural as a Scope Condition versus a Causal Variable | 192 |
| General versus Localized Analysis | 192 |
| Rural as a Single Variable versus Many Different Variables | 193 |
| Rural as a Dependent versus an Independent Variable | 193 |
| Problematic Assumptions | 194 |
| The Magnitude Assumption | 194 |
| The Homogeneity Assumption | 194 |
| The Implicit Definition Assumption | 195 |
| Summary | 195 |
Appendix B | The Study | 197 |
| Literature Review | 197 |
| Interviews | 198 |
| Focus Groups | 200 |
| Survey of Rural Police | 200 |
| References | 201 |
| Index | 223 |