Table of Contents

1 Introduction.- Trends in Insurance Rate Litigation.- Rate Regulatory Laws.- Focus of Analysis.- I The Procedural Aspects of Insurance Rate Regulation.- 2 Ratemaking Initiative.- Ratemaking Initiative and Partial Approval of Rate Filings.- Ratemaking Initiative and Credit Insurance Rates.- Initiation of Rate Reductions by Government.- Table of Cases.- Insurance Services Office v. Monroe, 257, Ark. 1018, 522 S.W. 2d 428 (1975).- 3 Nature of Administration Rate Hearings.- Rate Proceedings: Legislative or Judicial?.- Rulemaking versus Adjudication.- Rulemaking Dealing with Rates.- Qualifications of the Hearing Officer.- Table of Cases.- Carroll v. Barnes, 169 Colo. 277, 455 P.2d 644 (1969).- 4 Procedural Due Process.- Right to Reasonable Notice and Hearing.- Timing of Agency Action.- Burden of Proof and Persuasion.- Requirement of Specific Findings.- Table of Cases.- American Bankers Life Assurance Co. v. Commonwealth, 220 Va. 773, 263 S.E. 2d 867 (1980).- 5 Evidence.- Treatment of Expert Testimony.- Evidence Not in the Record.- Exclusion or Rejection of Evidence.- Table of Cases.- Insurance Services Office v. Whaland, 117 N.H. 712, 378 A.2d 743 (1977).- 6 Rights of Third Parties.- Right to Participate in Rate Proceedings.- Discovery.- Standing to Seek Judicial Review.- Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies.- Table of Cases.- Shavers v. Kelley, 402 Mich. 554, 267 N.W. 2d 72 (1977).- 7 Procedural Aspects of Judicial Review.- Proper Tribunal.- Scope of Judicial Review.- Standards of Judicial Review.- Table of Cases.- United Auto Workers v. State Farm Mutual Auto Ins. Co., 350 F.Supp. 522 (N.D. III. 1972).- II Judicial Treatment of Substantive Issues Concerning Insurance Rate Regulation.- 8 Risk Classifications Plans.- Risk Classification in General.- Risk Classification and Ratemaking Initiative.- Federal Court Treatment of Risk Classification.- Workers’ Compensation Insurance and Risk Classification.- Refinement of Risk Classification.- Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans and Risk Classification.- Territorial Risk Classification.- Merit Rating.- Table of Cases.- Blue Cross of Kansas v. Bell, 227 Kan. 426, 607 P2d 498 (1980).- 9 Standards for Determining Rates.- Statutory Rate Standards.- Regulation of Rates Using Non-Rating Laws.- Prior Regulatory Practice.- Table of Cases.- Caldwell v. Insurance Co. of North America, 235 Ga. 141, 218 S.E. 2d 754 (1975).- 10 Measures of Outgo and Income.- Rate Revision Methods.- Losses.- Catastrophe Losses.- Expenses.- Table of Cases.- Nationwide Mutual Ins. Co. v. Commonwealth, 15 Pa. Cmwlth. 24, 324 A.2d 878 (1974).- 11 Allowance for Profit.- Underwriting Profit.- Investment Income and Profit.- Table of Cases.- Massachusetts Auto Rating & Acci. Prevention Bureau v. Commissioner of Ins., 424 N.E.2d 1127 (1981).- 12 Application of Approved Rate Filings.- Premiums that Depart from Filings.- Mid-Term Rate Changes.- Dividends and Rebates.- Installment Payments.- Table of Cases.- Sullivan v. Commonwealth, Insurance Department, 48 Pa. Cmwlth. 11, 408 A. 2d 1174 (1979).- 13 Retroactive Rate Regulation.- Refunds and Excess Profits.- Statutory Excess Profits Provisions.- Recoupment of Past Losses.- Table of Cases.- GEICO v. Florida State Ins. Dept. ex. rel. Gunter, Case No. 79-2876 (Circuit Court of Leon Co.) April 24, 1980 (unreported).- 14 Residual Market Rate Regulation.- Automobile Insurance.- Property Insurance.- Other Lines.- Table of Cases.- In the Matter of a Rating Formula for the Automobile Insurance Plan, State of New York Ins. Dept., Richard E. Stewart, Superintendent, Dec. 16, 1970 (Unreported).- III Judicial Treatment of Other Insurance Rate Regulatory Issues.- 15 Deregulation of Insurance Rates.- Role of Rating Bureaus.- Competitive Considerations in Rate Regulation.- The Exemption from Federal Anti-trust Enforcement for Insurance Pricing.- Table of Cases.- Ben v. General Motors Acceptance Corp., 374 F. Supp. 1199 (1974).- 16 Constitutional Aspects of Insurance Rate Regulation.- State Action Issues.- Constitutional Protections for Insurers.- Table of Cases.- Welsh, et. al. v. Aetna Insurance Company, et. al., Court of Common Pleas of Alleghany Co., No. GD82-06493, Nov. 24, 1982 (unreported).- Alphabetical Table of Cases and Index.- Table of Cases by State.- About the Author.