A Short Guide to College Writing / Edition 4 available in Paperback
A Short Guide to College Writing / Edition 4
- ISBN-10:
- 0205706606
- ISBN-13:
- 9780205706600
- Pub. Date:
- 11/20/2009
- Publisher:
- Longman
A Short Guide to College Writing / Edition 4
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Overview
One of the high-quality, low-priced entries in Longman's Penguin Academics Series, A Short Guide to College Writing is a clear and authoritative brief rhetoric that emphasizes analysis, argument, and research in academic writing. Engagingly written by a well-known author team, A Short Guide to College Writing offers clear, practical guidance. You can turn to this book for help with everything from choosing a topic, writing an analysis, and documenting sources to constructing a paragraph and punctuating a quotation. Separate chapters provide support for revising a draft, editing a revision, or preparing a final copy.
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Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780205706600 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Longman |
Publication date: | 11/20/2009 |
Series: | Penguin Academics Series |
Edition description: | Older Edition |
Pages: | 368 |
Product dimensions: | 5.50(w) x 8.40(h) x 0.80(d) |
About the Author
Sylvan Barnet was born in Brooklyn, New York, and educated at Erasmus Hall High School, New York University (BA), and Harvard University(MA, PhD). For a while he was a
semiprofessional magician, but whenhe found that he could fool all of the people all of the time the work became boring, and so he became a college professor. He taught composition and
English literature at Tufts University for thirty years, published scholarly articles on Shakespeare, and is the author and coauthor of several books about the art of writing.
Pat Bellanca was born in East Hanover, New Jersey; she holds degrees in English from Wellesley College (BA) and Rutgers University (MA, PhD). She teaches in the Harvard College Writing
Program and is Director of Writing Programs at the Harvard Extension School, the university’s open-enrollment evening division. Her research interests include composition studies and Gothic fiction,
fields that are not unrelated.
Marcia Stubbs was born in Newark, New Jersey, where she was drum majorette ofWeequahic High School’s band, and she was educated at Stanford University and the University
of Michigan. She has taught at Tufts University, Harvard University,and Wellesley College, where she has directed the Writing Program. In addition to annotations on students’
compositions, she has written poems and verse translations, and she is the coauthor of several books on writing.
Table of Contents
Preface xix
The Writing Process 1
Developing Ideas 3
Starting 3
How to Write: Writing as a Physical Act 3
Some Ideas About Ideas: Strategies for Invention 3
Asking Questions and Answering Them 4
Listing 6
Clustering 8
Freewriting 10
Focusing 10
Critical Thinking: Subject, Topic, Thesis 10
Finding a Topic 11
Developing a Thesis 13
Developing Ideas 15
Thinking About Audience and Purpose: The Reader as Collaborator 15
Writing the Draft 16
Drafting and Revising 18
Reading Drafts 18
Imagining Your Audience and Asking Questions 18
Peer Review: The Benefits of Having a Real Audience 21
From Assignment to Essay: A Case History 22
First Draft 26
Summary of Peer Group Discussion 27
Final Version 29
Two Sides of a Story (Student Essay) 30
Checklist for Drafting and Revising 32
Shaping Paragraphs 33
Paragraph Form andSubstance 33
The Shape of a Paragraph 35
Paragraph Unity: Topic Sentences, Topic Ideas 36
Examples of Topic Sentences at Beginning and at End, and of Topic Ideas 36
Unity in Paragraphs 38
Organization in Paragraphs 41
Coherence in Paragraphs 42
Transitions 43
Repetition 44
Linking Paragraphs Together 45
The Story Behind the Gestures (Student Essay) 45
Paragraph Length 49
The Use and Abuse of Short Paragraphs 50
Introductory Paragraphs 52
Concluding Paragraphs 59
Checklist for Revising Paragraphs 60
Revising for Conciseness 62
Instant Prose 63
How to Avoid Instant Prose 64
Extra Words and Empty Words 65
Weak Intensifiers 66
Circumlocutions 66
Wordy Beginnings 67
Empty Conclusions 68
Wordy Uses of the Verbs To Be, To Have, and To Make 69
Redundancy 70
Negative Constructions 71
Extra Sentences, Extra Clauses: Subordination 72
Who, Which, That 73
It Is, This Is, There Are 73
Some Concluding Remarks About Conciseness 74
Checklist for Revising for Conciseness 75
Revising for Clarity 76
Clarity 76
Clarity and Exactness: Using the Right Word 78
Denotation 78
Connotation 80
Avoiding Sexist Language 81
Quotation Marks as Apologies 83
Being Specific 83
Using Examples 84
Jargon and Technical Language 86
Cliches 89
Metaphors and Mixed Metaphors 90
Euphemisms 92
Passive or Active Voice? 92
The Writer's "I" 95
Clarity and Coherence 96
Cats Are Dogs 96
Items in a Series 97
Modifiers 98
Misplaced Modifiers 98
Squinting Modifiers 99
Dangling Modifiers 99
Reference of Pronouns 100
Vague Reference of Pronouns 101
Shift in Pronouns 101
Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns 101
Agreement 102
Noun and Pronoun 102
Subject and Verb 102
Three Additional Points 103
Repetition and Variation 104
Clarity and Sentence Structure: Parallelism 106
Checklist for Revising for Clarity 107
Writing with Style 108
Academic Styles, Academic Audiences 108
Defining Style 111
Style and Tone 112
Acquiring Style 115
Clarity and Texture 115
Originality and Imitation 115
College Writing 117
Analyzing Texts 119
Analyzing an Image 119
Analyzing Advertisements (Visual Rhetoric) 120
Checklist for Analyzing Advertisements 122
Analyzing Texts 122
Analysis Versus Summary and Paraphrase 123
The Gettysburg Address: Summary, Paraphrase, Analysis 123
Summarizing 123
The Gettysburg Address 124
Paraphrasing 127
Analyzing 127
Paraphrasing and Summarizing Literary Texts 128
Classifying and Thinking 129
Examples of Classifying 129
Cause and Effect 130
Advertisements, Pornography, and Public Space 131
Analysis and Description 135
Description at Work in the Analytic Essay 136
Comparing 137
Organizing Short Comparisons 138
Longer Comparisons 141
Ways of Organizing an Essay Devoted to a Comparison 143
Checklist for Revising Comparisons 145
Process Analysis 145
It's the Portly Penguin That Gets the Girl, French Biologist Claims 146
Explaining an Analysis 149
Persuading Readers 150
Emotional Appeals 150
Making Reasonable Arguments 151
Claims and Evidence 153
Three Kinds of Claims: Claims of Fact, Value, and Policy 153
Claims of Fact 153
Claims of Value 154
Claims of Policy 155
Three Kinds of Evidence: Examples, Testimony, Statistics 156
Examples 156
Testimony 158
Statistics 159
A Note on Definition in the Persuasive Essay 159
Definition at Work 160
The Plight of the Politically Correct (Student Essay) 160
How Much Evidence Is Enough? 161
Two Kinds of Reasoning: Induction and Deduction 162
Avoiding Fallacies 163
Wit 167
Avoiding Sarcasm 168
Tone and Ethical Appeal 168
A Note on Critical Thinking 169
Organizing an Argument 171
Checklist for Revising Drafts of Persuasive Essays 172
Persuasion at Work: Two Writers Consider Torture 173
Torture Should Not Be Authorized 173
An Analysis of Heymann's Argument 175
Yes, It Should Be "On the Books" 176
An Analysis of Dershowitz's Argument 178
Using Sources 180
Why Use Sources? 180
What Is a Source? Primary and Secondary Materials 182
Developing a Research Topic 183
Finding Sources 183
The Library's Central Information System 184
Using the Internet 185
Checklist for Evaluating Web Sites 187
Reading and Taking Notes on Secondary Sources 187
A Guide to Note-Taking 188
Acknowledging Sources 191
Using Sources Without Plagiarizing 191
Acknowledging a Direct Quotation 193
Acknowledging a Paraphrase or Summary 193
Acknowledging an Idea 196
Fair Use of Common Knowledge 197
"But How Else Can I Put It?" 197
Checklist for Avoiding Plagiarism 198
Writing the Research Essay 199
Writing the Essay 200
Checklist for Revising Drafts of Research Essays 201
A Sample Research Essay (MLA Format) 202
Politics and Psychology in The Awakening (Student Essay) 203
A Brief Analysis of Cody's Use of Sources 217
A Sample Research Essay (APA Format) 218
Nitrite: Preservative or Carcinogen? (Student Essay) 219
A Brief Analysis of Alexander's Use of Sources 234
Writing Essay Examinations 236
Why Write Examinations? Examinations as Critical Thinking 236
Writing Essay Answers 237
Questions on Literature and the Social Sciences 237
Questions on the Physical Sciences and Mathematics 239
A Writer's Handbook 241
Punctuating Sentences 243
A Word on Computer Grammar and Punctuation Checks 245
Three Common Errors: Fragments, Comma Splices, and Run-on Sentences 245
Fragments and How to Correct Them 245
How to Correct Comma Splices and Run-on Sentences 247
The Period 249
The Question Mark 250
The Colon 250
The Semicolon 251
The Comma 253
The Dash 259
Parentheses 260
Italics 261
Capital Letters 262
The Hyphen 264
The Apostrophe 265
Abbreviations 267
Numbers 268
Using the Right Word 270
A Note on Idioms 270
A Writer's Glossary 272
Documenting Sources 296
Documentation 296
MLA Format 297
Citations Within the Text 297
Author and Page Number in Parenthetic Citation 300
Title and Page Number in Parentheses 300
Author, Title, and Page Number in Parentheses 301
A Government Document or a Work of Corporate Authorship 301
A Work by Two or Three Authors 301
Parenthetic Citation of an Indirect Source (Citation of Material That Itself Was Quoted or Summarized in Your Source) 302
Parenthetic Citation of Two or More Words 302
A Work in More Than One Volume 302
An Anonymous Work 303
A literary Work 303
A Personal Interview 305
Lectures 306
Electronic Sources 306
A Note on Footnotes in an Essay Using Parenthetic Citations 306
The List of Works Cited 307
Alphabetic Order 308
Form on the Page 308
Author's Name 308
Title of Book 309
Place of Publication, Publisher, and Date 310
A Book by More Than One Author 311
Government Documents 311
Works of Corporate Authorship 311
Republished Work 312
A Book in Several Volumes 312
One Book with a Separate Title in a Set of Volumes 313
A Book with an Author and an Editor 313
A Revised Edition of a Book 313
A Translated Book 313
An Introduction, Foreword, or Afterword 314
A Book with an Editor but No Author 314
A Work in a Volume of Works by One Author 314
A Work in a Collection of Works by Several Authors 314
A Book Review 315
An Article or Essay-Not a Reprint-in a Collection 316
An Article or Essay Reprinted in a Collection 316
An Encyclopedia or Other Alphabetically Arranged Reference Work 317
A Film 317
A Television or Radio Program 318
An Article in a Scholarly Journal 318
An Article in a Weekly, Biweekly, or Monthly Publication 318
An Article in a Newspaper 319
An Interview 319
A Lecture 319
Portable Database Sources 319
Online Sources 320
APA Format 323
Citations Within the Text 324
A Summary of an Entire Work 324
A Reference to a Page or Pages 325
A Reference to an Author Represented by More Than One Work Published in a Given Year in the References 325
The List of References 325
Form on the Page 325
Alphabetic Order 325
Form of Title 327
Sample References 327
A Book by One Author 327
A Book by More Than One Author 327
A Collection of Essays 327
A Work in a Collection of Essays 328
Government Documents 328
An Article in a Journal That Paginates Each Issue Separately 328
An Article in a Journal with Continuous Pagination 328
An Article from a Monthly or Weekly Magazine 328
An Article in a Newspaper 329
A Book Review 329
Electronic Sources 329
A Note on Other Systems of Documentation 331
Preparing the Manuscript 333
Basic Manuscript Form 333
Using Quotations (and Punctuating Them Correctly) 338
Corrections in the Final Copy 343
Last Words 345
Credits 346
Index 347