Table of Contents
Preface ix List of Contributors xiii
1 3D Face Modeling 1Boulbaba Ben Amor, Mohsen Ardabilian and Liming Chen
1.1 Challenges and Taxonomy of Techniques 2
1.2 Background 3
1.3 Static 3D Face Modeling 7
1.4 Dynamic 3D Face Reconstruction 14
1.5 Summary and Conclusions 31
Exercises 33
References 35
2 3D Face Surface Analysis and Recognition Based on Facial Surface Features 39Faisal Radhi M. Al-Osaimi and Mohammed Bennamoun
2.1 Geometry of 3D Facial Surface 39
2.2 Curvatures Extraction from 3D Face Surface 53
2.3 3D Face Segmentation 57
2.4 3D Face Surface Feature Extraction and Matching 59
2.5 Deformation Modeling of 3D Face Surface 71
Exercises 73
References 74
3 3D Face Surface Analysis and Recognition Based on Facial Curves 77Hassen Drira, Stefano Berretti, Boulbaba Ben Amor, Mohamed Daoudi, Anuj Srivastava, Alberto del Bimbo and Pietro Pala
3.1 Introduction 77
3.2 Facial Surface Modeling 78
3.3 Parametric Representation of Curves 80
3.4 Facial Shape Representation Using Radial Curves 81
3.5 Shape Space of Open Curves 81
3.6 The Dense Scalar Field (DSF) 90
3.7 Statistical Shape Analysis 94
3.8 Applications of Statistical Shape Analysis 98
3.9 The Iso-geodesic Stripes 103
Exercises 114
Glossary 116
References 117
4 3D Morphable Models for Face Surface Analysis and Recognition 119Frank B. ter Haar and Remco Veltkamp
4.1 Introduction 120
4.2 Data Sets 121
4.3 Face Model Fitting 122
4.4 Dynamic Model Expansion 129
4.5 Face Matching 141
4.6 Concluding Remarks 144
Exercises 145
References 146
5 Applications 149Stefano Berretti, Boulbaba Ben Amor, Hassen Drira, Mohamed Daoudi, Anuj Srivastava, Alberto del Bimbo and Pietro Pala
5.1 Introduction 149
5.2 3D Face Databases 150
5.3 3D Face Recognition 157
5.4 Facial Expression Analysis 170
5.5 4D Facial Expression Recognition 184
Exercises 192
Glossary 193
References 198
Index 203