The founder of Communism was Karl Heinrich Marx (1818 -1883). Marx was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, sociologist, humanist, political theorist and revolutionary. The Communist Manifesto (1848) was his most important work. Mark said, "Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, socialism will in its turn replace capitalism and lead to a stateless, classless society which will emerge after a transitional period, the 'dictatorship of the proletariat." Essays included in this work are A CRITICISM OF THE HEGELIAN PHILOSOPHY OF RIGHT, ON THE JEWISH QUESTION, ON THE KING OF PRUSSIA AND SOCIAL REFORM, MORALISING CRITICISM AND CRITICAL MORALITY: A POLEMIAGAINST KARL HEINZEN, PROUDHON, FRENCH MATERIALISM, and THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION.