Table of Contents

Foreword vii
Acknowledgments ix
Editorial Method and Apparatus xi
Maps xxxix
Illustrations xliii
Jefferson Chronology 2



1 8 1 5



Deposition of James Lewis in Jefferson v. Michie, 1 September 3
From Joseph Miller, 1 September 3
From Benjamin Waterhouse, 1 September 4
From Edward Bancroft, 5 September 6
From Albert Gallatin, 6 September 8
From Alden Partridge, enclosing Table of Altitudes of Northern Mountains, 6 September 9
From A. Baudon, [by 8 September] 12
From Lafayette, 8 September 13
From George W. Campbell, 9 September 14
From James Maury, 9 September 16

Jefferson's Travel receipts 18

• I. Guerrant & Staples's Bill for Food, [12 September] 19
• II. Henry Flood's Bill for Food and Lodging, [13 September] 19
• III. Robert Hunter's Bill for Food, [13 September] 20
• IV. Charles Hoyle's Bill for Food, [13 September] 20
• V. Bill for Food at a Tavern in Liberty, Virginia, [17 September] 21
• VI. Robert Douthat's Bill for Food and Lodging, 21 September 21

From Samuel K. Jennings, 13 September 22
To William Steptoe, 13 September 26
To Christopher Clark, 14 September 26
To Mary Blair Andrews, 15 September 27
From Joseph Coppinger, 15 September 29
Deposition Regarding Randolph Jefferson's Estate, 15 September 30
From Christopher Clark, 17 September 33
To Thaddeus Norris, 17 September 34
Notes on Distances between Poplar Forest and Natural Bridge, [ca. 17–21 September] 35
Calculations of Latitudes of the Sharp Peak of Otter and Natural Bridge, 18 September–10 November 36
From Patrick Gibson, 21 September 37
To José Corrêa da Serra, 22 September 37
To John Milledge, 22 September 38
To John Rhea, 22 September 39
Account with William Steptoe, 22 September 40
From Mathew Carey, 23 September 40
To John Holmes, 23 September 41
From John Jefferson, 23 September 42
To Samuel K. Jennings, 23 September 43
From James Monroe, 23 September 44
From Henry Dearborn, 26 September 46
From Charles Yancey, 26 September 47
From John Glendy, 28 September 48
To Randolph Harrison, 28 September 49
From Nicolas G. Dufief, 29 September 50
To Patrick Gibson, 29 September 50
To Archibald Robertson, 29 September 51
From James Penn (for Archibald Robertson), 29 September 52
Deposition of Elizabeth Henderson in Jefferson v. Michie, 30 September 52
From James Mease, 1 October 54
From Thomas Addis Emmet, 2 October 55
From Richard S. Hackley, 3 October 57
Promissory Note from Joel Yancey to Charles Clay on Behalf of Thomas Jefferson, 3 October 58
From Mathew Carey, 4 October 58
To Joseph Milligan, 5 October 59
Book List, [after 6 October] 60
From Peter Stephen Chazotte, 6 October 61
To Patrick Gibson, 6 October 62
Notes on a Conversation with Henry Dearborn, 7 October 62
To Henry Dearborn, 7 October 63
From Christopher Greenup, 9 October 63
From Caspar Wistar, 9 October 64
From Lafayette, 10 October 67
To George Watterston, 10 October 69
Observations at Monticello Related to Calculation of Latitude, 11 October–31 January 1816 70
To Alden Partridge, 12 October 71
To Spencer Roane, 12 October 72
To Mathew Carey, 13 October 74
To Tristram Dalton, 13 October 75
To Robert Patterson, 13 October 76
To Henry Sheaff, 13 October 77
To Benjamin Waterhouse, 13 October 78
From George Watterston, 13 October, enclosing Notes on Étienne Bézout's Cours de Mathématiques, [before April] 79
From George Ticknor, 14 October 82
To George W. Campbell, 15 October 88
To Peter Stephen Chazotte, 15 October 90
To George Logan, 15 October 90
To James Mease, 15 October 91
To Charles Yancey, 15 October 92
From Mary Blair Andrews, 16 October 93
To Albert Gallatin, 16 October 94
From John Manesca and Victor Value, 16 October 97
From J. Sheaff (for Henry sheaff), 16 October 98
To Patrick Gibson, 17 October 99
From David M. Randolph, 17 October 100
From John Martin Baker, 18 October 102
From Arsène Lacarrière Latour, 18 October 103
From noah Worcester, 18 October 104
Account with William Ballard, [ca. 20 October] 105
To Patrick Gibson, 20 October 106
To Thomas Ritchie, 20 October 106
From Richard Rush, 20 October 107
To George Watterston, 20 October 107
To Louis H. Girardin, 21 October 108
From George Logan, 21 October 109
To Martin Dawson, 22 October, with Jesse Abell's receipt, 23 October 111
To John Glendy, 22 October 112
From Philip Mazzei, [22] October 112
From Spencer Roane, 22 October 120
To Caspar Wistar, 22 October 121
To John Bracken, 23 October 122
To Robert Saunders, 23 October 123
From Patrick Gibson, 24 October 124
To Charles Massie, 24 [October] 124
From John Minor, 24 October 125
From Robert Patterson, 24 October 125
From Thomas Appleton, 25 October 126
To Arsène Lacarrière Latour, 26 October 128
To John Manesca and Victor Value, 26 October 129
To Richard Rush, 26 October 129
To Henry Sheaff, 26 October 130
To Joseph Milligan, 27 October 130
To John Bankhead, 28 October 131
To Patrick Gibson, 28 October 133
From John Guillemard, 28 October 134
From Robert Saunders, 29 October 136
From William Bentley, 30 October 137
From George Fleming, enclosing Drawing and Description of a Steam Engine, 30 October 138
From Sir John Sinclair, 1 November 143
To Christopher Clark, 2 November 144
From Christopher Clark, 2 November 145
From the Citizens of Lynchburg, 4 November 145
To Martha Jefferson Randolph, 4 November 147
To Christopher Clark, 5 November 148
From Christopher Clark, 5 November 148
From Claude Alexandre Ruelle, enclosing Claude Alexandre Ruelle to James Madison, 5 November 149
From Edmund Bacon, 8 November 151
From Henry Jackson, 9 November 152

Jefferson's Calculations of Altitude of the Peaks of Otter 153

• I. Labeled Diagrams Related to Calculations of Altitude of the Peaks of Otter, [before 10 November] 154
• II. Field notes and Calculations of Altitude of the Peaks of Otter, [10-ca. 17 November] 156
• III. Summary Comments on the Peaks of Otter, [before 2 December] 173

From John Adams, 13 November 174
From Peter S. Du Ponceau, 14 November, enclosing Resolution by the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society, 30 October 177
From James Madison, [15 November] 180
From John Barnes, 18 November, enclosing Baring Brothers & Company to John Barnes, 14 September 181
To Charles Clay, 18 November 183
From Horatio G. Spafford, 18 November 183
From John Rhea, 20 November 184
From John Vaughan, 21 November 186
From William R. Gray, 22 November 187
From Alden Partridge, 23 November, enclosing Observations on the Use of Barometers to Compute Altitudes, 20 August 1811, and Table of Altitudes of the Blue Ridge and Alleghany Mountains, [by 5 November 1810] 187
From Horatio G. Spafford, 23 November 194
From Robert Patterson, 24 November 194
From George Ticknor, 25 November 195
From Jean David, 26 November 197
From Albert Gallatin, 27 November 201
From Robert Patterson, 28 November 204
From Carlo Botta, 29 November 207
From Stephen Cathalan, 29 November 209
From Alexander Murray, 29 November 212
From Lady Virginia Murray, [before 29 November] 213
Conveyance of Sally Goodman to Jeremiah A. Goodman, 30 November 215
From Thomas Leiper, 30 November 216
From Dabney Carr, 1 December 219
From Robert Patterson, 2 December, enclosing Ferdinand R. Hassler's List of Scientific Instruments Procured for the United States Coast Survey, November 220
From Henry Dearborn, 3 December 226
Trigonometry Exercise, 4 December 227
From Charles Clay, 5 December 229
From Philip I. Barziza, 6 December 230
From Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, enclosing Victor du Pont's Notes on Samuel F. Du Pont, 7 December 231
From George Watterston, 7 December 237
To William Steptoe, 8 December 238
From Alden Partridge, enclosing Summary of Meteorological Observations, 9 December 238
Calculations of Latitude of Poplar Forest, 6 August-10 December 245
From Benjamin Austin, 11 December 247
From John Wayles Eppes, 11 December 250
From Peter Derieux, 12 December 251
To Patrick Gibson, 12 December 254
To Archibald Robertson, 12 December 254
From Benjamin Waterhouse, 14 December 255
Petition of Joseph Miller to the Virginia General Assembly, [presented 15 December] 258
To Fanny Brand, 16 December 262
From Sarah Bowdoin Dearborn, 16 December 262
To John F. Oliveira Fernandes, 16 December 263
From Amos J. Cook, 18 December 264
To Charles Massie, 18 December 267
From André Thoüin, 18 December 267
From James Gibbon, 19 December 269
From Charles Massie, 19 December 269
From Joseph Delaplaine, 20 December 270
From Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, 20 December 270
From James Gibbon, 22 December 272
From Patrick Gibson, 22 December 272
To James Madison, 22 December 273
To Joseph Milligan, 22 December 274
To Robert Patterson, 22 December 275
To Horatio G. Spafford, 22 December 276
To John Vaughan, 22 December 276
To Jerman Baker, 23 December 277
To Joseph C. Cabell, 23 December 279
From Charles Willson Peale, 23 December 280
To Philip I. Barziza, 24 December, enclosing Abstract of Marriage Settlement of John Paradise and Lucy Ludwell Paradise, [after 10 May 1769], and Sir William Jones's Notes on Marriage Settlement of John Paradise and Lucy Ludwell Paradise, [after 10 May 1769] 282
To James Gibbon, 24 December 286
From Charles Yancey, 24 December 286
To Jean David, 25 December 287
To Louis H. Girardin, 25 December 288
To David Higginbotham, 25 December 289
To Robert Saunders, 25 December, enclosing Power of Attorney
From Giovanni Battista Fancelli to Thomas Jefferson, 29 August 1814, and Transfer of Power of Attorney for Giovanni Battista Fancelli from Thomas Jefferson to Robert Saunders, 25 December 290
From Horatio G. Spafford, 25 December 297
From Charles Yancey, 27 December 298
To William Bentley, 28 December 299
From Lafayette, 28 December 300
From Martin Dawson, 29 December 301
To George Fleming, 29 December 302
To Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, 31 December 304
From Hosea Humphrey, 31 December 307



1 8 1 6



To José Corrêa da Serra, 1 January 308
From Jean David, 1 January 311
To Patrick Gibson, 2 January 312
To Alden Partridge, 2 January 313
To Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, 3 January 317
To George Watterston, 3 January 318
From James Gibbon, 5 January 318
From William Short, 5 January 319
From Philip I. Barziza, 6 January 322
From Stephen Cathalan, 6 January 323
To James Gibbon, 6 January 324
From John f. Oliveira Fernandes, 6 January 324
From Madame de Staël Holstein, 6 January 326
To Charles Yancey, 6 January 328
From Jerman Baker, 7 January 331
From Nathaniel Macon, 7 January 332
From David Gelston, 8 January 333
To Benjamin Austin, 9 January 333
From John Bradbury, 9 January 337
From Horatio G. Spafford, 9 January 339
To Charles Thomson, 9 January 340
From Carlo Botta, 10 January 343
To Horatio G. Spafford, 10 January 343
To John Adams, 11 January 345
To John Adlum, 13 January 348
To Jean David, 13 January 348
To Thomas Appleton, 14 January 349
From Joseph Delaplaine, 14 January 351
To George Ticknor, 14 January 353
From Joseph Fox, [ca. 15] January 355
From Joshua Norvell, 15 January 356
To William Short, 15 January 357
To Elisha Ticknor, 15 January 359
To John Vaughan, 15 January 359
From Joseph C. Cabell, 16 January 360
To Henry Jackson, 16 January 362
To James Monroe, 16 January 362
From Philip Doddridge, [17] January 363
From Thomas W. Maury, 17 January 365
From Charles Yancey, 17 January 366
From John F. Oliveira Fernandes, 18 January 366
From John Barnes, 19 January 367
To Dabney Carr, 19 January 367
To David Gelston, 20 January 369
To Patrick Gibson, 20 January 370
To Bernard Peyton, 20 January 371
To Peter Wilson, 20 January 372
To Amos J. Cook, 21 January 374
From Lafayette, 21 January 376
Jefferson's Essay on New England Religious Intolerance 378

• I. To Thomas Ritchie, 21 January 378
• II. Essay on New England Religious Intolerance (Draft),[ca. 10 January] 380
• III. Essay on New England Religious Intolerance (As Published), [27 January] 381

To Peter S. Du Ponceau, 22 January 383
To Nathaniel Macon, 22 January 384
From James Monroe, [22] January, enclosing Winfield Scott to James Monroe, 18 November 1815 388
To Philip I. Barziza, 23 January 394
From Joseph C. Cabell, 23 January 394
To Joseph C. Cabell, 24 January 396
From Joseph C. Cabell, 24 January 398
To Peter Derieux, 24 January 399
From Thomas W. Maury, 24 January 400
To John F. Oliveira Fernandes, 24 January 401
From Philip Thornton, 24 January 402
From Benjamin Austin, 25 January 403
From Elisha Ticknor, 26 January 403
To Sarah Bowdoin Dearborn, 27 January 404
From Joseph Delaplaine, 27 January 405
To Philip Doddridge, 27 January 405
To Patrick Gibson, 27 January 406
To Thomas W. Maury, 27 January 406
From Dabney Carr, 29 January 407
From Thomas Eston Randolph, 29 January 408
From George Watterston, 29 January 409
To Noah Worcester, 29 January 410
To Benjamin W. Crowninshield, 30 January 412
To Albert Gallatin, 30 January 413
From Gilbert J. Hunt, 30 January 414
Observations for Calculating the Latitude of Monticello, 30 January-4 February 415
To Thomas Eston Randolph, 30 January 415
To Thomas Appleton, 31 January 416
To Joseph C. Cabell, 31 January 416
To Henry Jackson, 31 January 417
From Bernard Peyton, 31 January 418
To Marc Auguste Pictet, 31 January 419
To George Ticknor, 31 January 420
To Stephen Cathalan, 1 February 420
From Jean David, enclosing Petition and Memorial to Congress on American Viticulture, 1 February 422
To Henry Jackson, 1 February 429
From Jeremiah Platt, 1 February 429
Statement of Taxable Property in Albemarle County, 1 February 430
To David Bailie Warden, 1 February 431
From John Adams, with Postscript by Abigail Adams, 2 February 431
To Joseph C. Cabell, 2 February 435
From John B. Smyth (for William Duane), enclosing Account with William Duane, 2 February 439
To Thomas W. Maury, 3 February 439
From Destutt de Tracy, 4 February 441
To Christopher Greenup, 4 February 443
To James Monroe, 4 February 444
From John F. Watson, 5 February 447
To Joseph Fox, 6 February 447
To John Barnes, 7 February 448
To Patrick Gibson, 7 February 449
To William Marshall, 7 February 449
To Philip Thornton, 7 February 450
From Peter Derieux, 8 February 451
From Peter S. Du Ponceau, 8 February 453
To Henry Jackson, 8 February 454
To George Ticknor, 8 February 454
From Elizabeth Trist, 8 February 456
To Benjamin Austin, 9 February 457
From Benjamin W. Crowninshield, 9 February 458
To Joseph Delaplaine, 9 February 459
To Elisha Ticknor, 9 February 460
From Joseph Delaplaine, 10 February 460
From George Fleming, 10 February 461
To Joseph Milligan, 11 February 463
From John Barnes, 12 February, enclosing Tadeusz Kosciuszko to John Barnes, 26 November 1815 465
From José Corrêa da Serra, 12 February 466
From George P. Stevenson, 12 February 469
From Joseph C. Cabell, 14 February 469
From Stephen Cathalan, 15 February, enclosing Amant Spreafico to Stephen Cathalan, 9 January 470
Notes on Wine Consumption, 15 February-21 July 474
From Isaac Briggs, 16 February 474
From Alexander J. Dallas, 16 February 477
From Francis W. Gilmer, 16 February 478
From Wilson Cary Nicholas, 16 February 480
From Dabney C. Terrell, 16 February 481
Notes for a Settlement with William D. Fitch, 17 February 482
From Lafayette, 17 February, enclosing Destutt de Tracy to Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, 30 January 484
To Joseph Miller, 17 February 487
To James Monroe, 17 February 487
To Isaac A. Coles, 18 February 488
To James L. Jefferson, 18 February 488
From James L. Jefferson, 18 February 489
From Robert Saunders, enclosing Charles Bellini Estate Account, 20 February 490
From David Bailie Warden, 20 February 492
To Joel Yancey, 20 February 493
Auditor's Report on the Purchase of Thomas Jefferson's Library, 21 February 494
From Joseph C. Cabell, 21 February 495
From Thomas Eston Randolph, 21 February 498
From John G. Robert (for Patrick Gibson), 22 February 499
From John Barnes, 23 February 500 Isaac A. Coles's Account of a Conversation with Thomas Jefferson, [before 23 February] 500
From Robert Ould, 23 February 502
From Garrit Storm, 23 February 503
From Joel Yancey, 24 February 505
From Joseph C. Cabell, 26 February 506
To Alexander J. Dallas, 26 February 507
To Alexander J. Dallas, 26 February 511
To Alexander J. Dallas, 26 February 512
From John Vaughan, 26 February 514
From John Adlum, 27 February 514
To Isaac Briggs, 27 February 515
From James Monroe, 27 February 516
To Joseph C. Cabell, 28 February 517
To Francis W. Gilmer, 28 February 518
To David Higginbotham, 28 February 519
To James Monroe, 28 February 519
To William Short, 28 February 519
To John Bradbury, 29 February 521
To William H. Crawford, 29 February 521
To Gilbert J. Hunt, 29 February 522
From Joseph Miller, 29 February 523
To Wilson Cary Nicholas, 29 February 523
To Wilson Cary Nicholas, 29 February 524
To James Oram, 29 February 525
To John F. Watson, 29 February 525
From Josiah Meigs, 1 March 526
From John Adams, 2 March 526
To Robert Ould, 2 March 529
To Robert Saunders, 2 March 530
To Garrit Storm, 2 March 531
To George Watterston, 2 March 531
From James Barbour, 4 March 532
To James Barbour, 5 March 532
From Anonymous, [ca. 6 March] 535
From Joseph Milligan, 6 March 537
To Richard Peters, 6 March 538
From Mary B. Briggs, 7 March 540
To Patrick Gibson, 8 March 541
From Christopher Hudson, 8 March 542
To Bernard Peyton, 8 March 542
To Thomas Ritchie, 8 March 543
Receipt from John F. Watson, 8 March 544
From George Watterston, 8 March 544
From Isaac A. Coles, 9 March 544
From John Tayloe Lomax, 11 March 545
From Thomas M. Randolph & Company, enclosing Account of Flour Shipped by Thomas M. Randolph & Company, 12 March 546
"A" (Thomas Jefferson) to the Washington Daily National Intelligencer, 13 March 548
From Patrick Gibson, 13 March 552
From John Vaughan, 13 March 552
To John Barnes, 14 March 553
To Ellen W. Randolph (Coolidge), 14 March 553
From William F. Gray, 14 March 555
From William Annesley, [received 15 March] 555
From George Ticknor, 15 March 559
To Joel Yancey, 15 March 562
From James Barbour, 16 March 563
From Benjamin J. Campbell, 16 March 564
Account with James Leitch, 16 March 565
From John Wood, 16 March 566
From Frank Carr, [received 18 March] 567
To Patrick Gibson, 18 March 567
From Patrick Gibson, 18 March 568
From Stephen Cathalan, 19 March, enclosing Amant Spreafico to Stephen Cathalan, 23 February, and Stephen Cathalan to James Madison, 25 September 1814 569
From Ellen W. Randolph (Coolidge), 19 March 578
From Leroy, Bayard & Mcevers, 19 March, enclosing Account with N. & J. & R. van Staphorst, 31 December 1815 579
From Bernard Peyton, 19 March 581
From Thomas Appleton, 20 March 583
From Christopher Clark, 20 March 583
From Gideon Fitz, 20 March 584
From John Barnes, 21 March 587
Account with George Cabell, [ca. 21 March] 588
From Emmor Kimber, 22 March 589
From Wilson Cary Nicholas, 22 March 590
From William Thornton, 22 March 592
To Patrick Gibson, 24 March 593
From Francis Adrian Van der Kemp, 24 March 595
From Joseph Fox, 25 March 597
Account with James Leitch, 25 March 597
From Richard Peters, 25 March 598
To William Annesley, 26 March 601
To Benjamin J. Campbell, 26 March 601
To John f. Oliveira Fernandes, 26 March 602
From Bernard Peyton, 27 March 602
From Thomas Ritchie, 27 March 603
To Archibald Robertson, 28 March 604
From José Corrêa da Serra, 29 March 605
From Isaac Briggs, 30 March 606
To John Wayles Eppes, 30 [March] 607
From Levin Gale, 30 March 609
From Susan Maria Bruff, 31 March 610
From Pierre Samuel Du Pont de Nemours, enclosing Notes on the Encouragement of American Manufactures, 31 March 611
From Albert Gallatin, 1 April 620
To John Wood, 1 April 621
To Wilson Cary Nicholas, 2 April 623
Notes on Popular Election of Juries, [ca. 2 April] 629
From Archibald Robertson, 3 April 630
Title and Prospectus for Destutt de Tracy's Treatise on Political Economy, [ca. 6 April] 630
Note for Destutt de Tracy's Treatise on Political Economy, [ca. 6 April] 633
From William McIlhenney, 6 April 635
To Joseph Milligan, 6 April 638
To Thomas Ritchie, 6 April 640
From Jesse Torrey, 6 April 641
From John Wood, 6 April 642
From Giovanni Carmignani, 7 April 644
To Nicolas G. Dufief, 7 April 645
To Leroy, Bayard & Mcevers, 7 April 646
To John Tayloe Lomax, 7 April 647
To Josiah Meigs, 7 April 647
To William short, 7 April 648
To John Vaughan, 7 April 649
To John Adams, 8 April 649
From William Wingate, 8 April 653
From François Gard, 9 April 654
From James Leitch, 9 April 656
From Louis Philippe Gallot de Lormerie, 9 April 656
To James Monroe, 9 April 658
From John f. Oliveira Fernandes, 9 April, enclosing Joseph de Monteverde to John f. Oliveira Fernandes, 2 December 1815 659
To William Short, 9 April, enclosing William Woods's Survey of Land in Dispute between James Monroe and William Short, 21 February 661
From Leroy, Bayard & Mcevers, 10 April 662
To Albert Gallatin, 11 April 663
Promissory Note to John Neilson, 11 April 665
To Thomas Eston Randolph, 11 April 665
From John f. Dumoulin, 12 April 665
From Charles P. De Lasteyrie, 14 April 667
From Thomas Appleton, 15 April, enclosing Will of Philip Mazzei, 3 December 1814 669
From Lafayette, 16 April 679
From Leroy, Bayard & Mcevers, 16 April 679
To Isaac Briggs, 17 April 680
To Mary B. Briggs, 17 April 682
To Susan Maria Bruff, 17 April 682
To James Monroe, 17 April 683
From James L. Jefferson, 19 April 683
To Wilson Cary Nicholas, 19 April 684
From William Short, 23 April 693
From George Ticknor, 23 April 696
To Pierre Samuel Du Pont de nemours, 24 April 699
To Charles Clay, 25 April 702
To Francis Adrian Van der Kemp, 25 April 703
To José Corrêa da Serra, 26 April 704
From Eusebio Valli, 26 April 707
From James Ligon (for Patrick Gibson), with Thomas Jefferson's Notes, 27 April 708
From George Logan, 27 April 708
From James Monroe, 28 April 710
To Elizabeth Trist, 28 April 710
To John Wayles Eppes, 30 April 712
From Tadeusz Kosciuszko, April 714
List of Slave Vaccinations, April-May 717
Appendix: Supplemental List of Documents Not Found 719
Index 721