Table of Contents

Introduction
Adrian Hastings

1. The emergence of Christianity
   Martin Goodman

Judaism, the Roman Empire and Jesus
The emergence of the Church

2. 150-550
   Adrian Hastings

The second and third centuries
Constantine and an imperial Church
The monastic movement
Dogma and theology in the fourth and fifth centuries
Missionary expansion and political disintegration: surpassing the empire

3. The Orthodox Church in Byzantium
   Mary Cunningham

The sixth century: the revival of the Christian Roman Empire
The seventh century and Monothelitism
The Iconoclast Controversy (726-843)
The revival of monasticism and the patriarchate of Photios
Ninth-century missions to the Slavs and the emergence of the Slavic Churches
The tenth, eleventh and twelfth centuries
The first four Crusades (1097-1204)
The period of Latin occupation, 1204-61
The Slavic Churches in the last centuries of Byzantium
The Palaeologan period, 1261-1453
Conclusion

4. The medieval West
   Benedicta Ward and G. R. Evans

The medieval idea of the Church
Spreading Christianity through northern Europe
The Bible and the Church
Church and state and papal authority
The Church and the individual: sanctity, feasts and sacraments
Religious life, prayer and mysticism
The Church and war
Education and theology
Reform and revolution

5. India
   R. E. Frykenberg

Early arrivals: the Thomas and Eastern Christians
Responses to the Padroado and Propaganda Fide
Evangelical and Enlightenment impulses
Challenges under the Raj
The continent since 1947

6. Africa
   Kevin Ward

Egypt, North Africa, Nubia and Islam
Ethiopia
The kingdom of Kongo and the Portugese missionary enterprise
The revival of mission in the nineteenth century


West Africa
South Africa
Eastern Africa

Colonial and missionary scrambles
Christianity in colonial times: education and 'adaptation'
The rise of independent Churches
Other movements of spiritual renewal
Decolonialization
Christianity and the politics of independent Africa
African theology
Conclusion

7. Reformation and Counter-Reformation
   Andrew Pettegree

The pre-Reformation Church
Luther and Germany
The Reformation outside Germany
Calvinism and religious warfare in the second half of the sixteenth century
Later Lutheranism and the second Reformation
Catholic reform
The seventeenth century and the resolution of the Reformation conflict

8. Eastern Europe since the fifteenth century
   Philip Walters

Europe East and West
1453-1700


Christianity under Ottoman rule
Russia and its Church

1700-1920


Peter the Great and the New Russia
The Caucusus between Russians and Ottomans
Balkan Christians in a declining Ottoman Empire
The Russian religious renaissance of the late nineteenth century

1920-1990


The collapse of the empires
The Churches in the inter-war Balkans
Russian Christianity under Communism
Balkan Christianity under Communism

Post-Communist Christianity

9. Latin America
   Adrian Hastings

Sixteenth-century Spain
The first hundred and fifty years of Latin American Catholicism
1650-1780
1780-1900: revolutions and reactions
The twentieth century

10. China and its neighbours
    R. G. Tiedemann

China before 1500: Nestorians and Franciscans
The planting of Christianity, 1500-1800


The Philippines
The rise and fall of Christianity in late medieval Japan
Late imperial China
The origins of the Church in Vietnam

1800-1945


The Church, colonialism and nationalism in South-east Asia
From mission to Church in modern China
Japan: the second encounter
Korea

1945 onwards


The Chinese Church under Communism
Post-colonial South-East Asia
South Korea

Concluding comments

11. North America
    Robert Bruce Mullin

Seventeenth-century beginnings
New challenges
Wars and the Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening
Canadian developments
Catholics and controversy
The problem of slavery and division
Crisis days/halcyon days
The Social Gospel
Canada: organization and union
Challenges for the soul of America
Let the Church be the Church
The Post-War Revival
The 1960s and the second disestablishment
Christianity in North America at the end of the twentieth century

12. Christianity in Western Europe from the Enlightenment
    Mary Heimann

Introduction
Enlightenment
Rational religion
The unenlightened
Revolution and reaction
Liberalism
Science and religion
Pluralism and diffusion

13. Australasia and the Pacific
    David Hilliard

Christian beginnings in Australia
Christianity in the Pacific Islands
Christianity in New Zealand
Adaptation and innovation
Church and society
The Pacific Churches since the Second World War
Recent trends in Australia and New Zealand

Bibliography
Maps
Index