Table of Contents

I. Contexts Stories and Notebooks "Mrs. Hutchinson" "The Minister's Black Veil: A Parable" From "Endicott and the Red Cross" From The American Notebooks Letters To George S. Hillard (Mar. 5, 1849) To James T. Fields, (Jan. 15, 1850) To James T. Fields (Jan. 20, 1850) To James T. Fields (undated draft) To Horatio Bridge (Feb. 4, 1850) Historical Background Charles Ryskamp, "The New England Sources of The Scarlet Letter" Larry J. Reynolds, "The Scarlet Letter and Revolutions Abroad" Michael Winship, "Publishing The Scarlet Letter in the Nineteenth-Century United States" II. The Scarlet Letter "Preface to the Second Edition" "The Custom-House: Introductory to The Scarlet Letter" The Scarlet Letter III. Criticism Early Criticism Evert A. Duyckinck, "[A Psychological Romance]" Edwin Percy Whipple, "[A True Artist's Certainty of Touch and Expression]" Anne Abbott, "[The Magic Power of Hawthorne's Style]" Orestes Brownson, "[An Unfit Subject for Literature]" Later Criticism Henry James, "[Out of the Very Heart of New England]" F.O. Matthiessen, "[Integrity of Effect]" Charles Feidelson, Jr., "[Actively Seizing Upon History]" Frederick C. Crews, "The Ruined Wall" Hyatt H. Waggoner, "Dark Light on the Letter" Rita K. Gollin, "The Romances" Nina Baym, "The Major Phase I: 1850" Richard H. Brodhead, "New and Old Tales: The Scarlet Letter" Gloria C. Erlich, "The Access of Power" Sacvan Bercovitch, "[How Culture Empowers Symbolic Form]" Richard H. Millington, "Romance as Revision: The Scarlet Letter " Walter Herbert, "Domesticity as Redemption" Chronology Works Cited For Further Reading