3D Television (3DTV) Technology, Systems, and Deployment: Rolling Out the Infrastructure for Next-Generation Entertainment

by Daniel Minoli

Overview

Going beyond the technological building blocks of 3DTV, 3D Television (3DTV) Technology, Systems, and Deployment: Rolling Out the Infrastructure for Next-Generation Entertainment offers an early view of the deployment and rollout strategies of this emerging technology. It covers cutting-edge advances, theories, and techniques in end-to-end 3DTV systems to provide a system-level view of the topic and what it takes to make this concept a commercial reality.

The book reflects the full-range of questions being posed about post-production 3D mastering, delivery options, and home screens. It reviews fundamental visual concepts supporting stereographic perception of 3DTV and considers the various stages of a 3DTV system including capture, representation, coding, transmission, and display.

• Presents new advances in 3DTV and display techniques
• Includes a 24-page color insert
• Identifies standardization activities critical to broad deployment
• Examines a different stage of an end-to-end 3DTV system in each chapter
• Considers the technical details related to 3DTV—including compression and transmission technologies

Discussing theory and application, the text covers both stereoscopic and autostereoscopic techniques—the latter eliminating the need for special glasses and allowing for viewer movement. It also examines emerging holographic approaches, which have the potential to provide the truest three-dimensional images. The book contains the results of a survey of a number of advocacy groups to provide a clear picture of the current state of the industry, research trends, future directions, and underlying topics.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781439840665
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	11/17/2010
Pages:	340
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.20(h) x 0.70(d)

About the Author

Mr. Minoli has done extensive work in video engineering, design and implementation over the years. The results presented in this book are based on work done while at Bellcore/Telcordia, Stevens Institute of technology, AT&T, and other engineering firms, starting in the early 1990s and continuing to the present. Some of his video work has been documented in books he has authored such as IP Multicast with Applications to IPTV and Mobile DVB-H (Wiley/IEEE Press, 2008); Video Dialtone Technology: Digital Video over ADSL, HFC, FTTC, and ATM (McGraw-Hill, 1995); Distributed Multimedia Through Broadband Communication Services (co-authored) (Artech House, 1994); Digital Video (4 chapters) in The Telecommunications Handbook , K. Terplan & P. Morreale Editors, IEEE Press, 2000; and, Distance Learning: Technology and Applications (Artech House, 1996). Mr. Minoli has many years of technical-hands-on and managerial experience in planning, designing, deploying, and operating IP/IPv6-, telecom-, wireless-, and video networks, and Data Center systems and subsystems for global Best-In-Class carriers and financial companies. He has worked at financial firms such as AIG, Prudential Securities, Capital One Financial, and service provider firms such as Network Analysis Corporation, Bell Telephone Laboratories, ITT, Bell Communications Research (now Telcordia), AT&T, Leading Edge Networks Inc., and SES Engineering, where he is Director of Terrestrial Systems Engineering (SES is the largest satellite services company in the world). At SES, in addition to other duties, Mr. Minoli has been responsible for the development and deployment of IPTV systems, terrestrial and mobile IP-based networking services, and IPv6 services over satellite links. He also played a founding role in the launching of two companies through the high-tech incubator Leading Edge Networks Inc., which he ran in the ear

Table of Contents

Preface xi

The Author xiii

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Overview 1

1.2 Background and Opportunities 12

1.3 Course of Investigation 29

References 35

Bibliography 37

Chapter 2 Some Basic Fundamentals of Visual Science 39

2.1 Stereo Vision Concepts 39

2.1.1 Stereoscopy 39

2.1.2 Binocular Depth Perception and Convergence 41

2.1.3 Cyclopean Image 42

2.1.4 Accommodation 42

2.2 Parallax Concepts 44

2.2.1 Parallax 44

2.2.2 Parallax Barrier and Lenticular Lenses 49

2.3 Other Concepts 49

2.3.1 Polarization 49

2.3.2 Chromostereopsis 49

2.3.3 3D Imaging 50

2.3.4 Occlusion and Scene Reconstruction 50

2.4 Conclusion 52

Appendix 2A Analytical 3D Aspects of the Human Visual System 55

2A.1 Theory of Stereo Reproduction 55

2A.2 Analytics 56

2A.2.1 Depth Perception 56

2A.2.2 Geometry of Stereoscopic 3D Displays 58

2A.2.3 Geometry of Stereo Capturing 63

2A.2.4 Stereoscopic 3D Distortions 66

2A.3 Workflow of Conventional Stereo Production 69

2A.3.1 Basic Rules and Production Grammar 69

2A.3.2 Example 72

References 73

Chapter 3 Application of Visual Science Fundamentals to 3DTV 77

3.1 Application of the Science to 3D Projection/3DTV 77

3.1.1 Common Video Treatment Approaches 78

3.1.2 Projections Methods for Presenting Stereopairs 79

3.1.3 Polarization, Synchronization, and Colorimetrics 85

3.2 Autostereoscopic Viewing 94

3.2.1 Lenticular Lenses 95

3.2.2 Parallax Barriers 95

3.3 Other Longer-Term Systems 97

3.3.1 Multi-Viewpoint 3D Systems 98

3.3.2 Integral Imaging/Holoscopic Imaging 100

3.3.3 Holographic Approaches 105

3.3.4 Volumetric Displays/Hybrid Holographic 108

3.4 Viewer Physiological Issues with 3D Content 111

3.4.1 The Accommodation Problem 113

3.4.2 Infinity Separation 114

3.5 Conclusion and Requirements of Future 3DTV 114

References 120

Chapter 4 Basic 3DTV Approaches for Content Capture and Mastering 125

4.1 General Capture, Mastering, and Distribution Process 125

4.2 3D Capture, Mastering, and Distribution Process 129

4.2.1 Content Acquisition 129

4.2.2 3D Mastering 132

4.2.2.1 Spatial Compression 132

4.2.2.2 Temporal Multiplexing 135

4.2.2.3 2D in Conjunction with Metadata (2D+M) 136

4.2.2.4 Color Encoding 139

4.3 Overview of Network Transport Approaches 139

4.4 MPEG Standardization Efforts 145

Appendix 4A Additional Details on 3D Video Formats 149

4A.1 Conventional Stereo Video (CSV) 149

4A.2 Video plus Depth (V+D) 152

4A.3 Multiview Video plus Depth (MV+D) 156

4A.4 Layered Depth Video (LDV) 157

References 161

Chapter 5 3D Basic 3DTV Approaches and Technologies for In-Home Display of Content 165

5.1 Connecting the In-Home Source to the Display 166

5.2 3DTV Display Technology 168

5.2.1 Commercial Displays Based on Projection 177

5.2.2 Commercial Displays Based on LCD and PDP Technologies 179

5.2.3 LCD 3DTV Polarized Display 181

5.2.4 Summary of 3DTV Polarized Displays 183

5.2.5 Glasses Accessories 183

5.3 Other Display Technologies 186

5.3.1 Autostereoscopic Systems with Parallax Support in the Vertical and Horizontal Axes 187

5.3.2 Autostereoscopic Systems for PDAs 190

5.4 Conclusion 192

Appendix 5A Primer on Cables/Connectivity for High-End Video 193

5A.1 In-Home Connectivity Using Cables 193

5A.1.1 Digital Visual Interface (DVI) 193

5A.1.2 High-Definition Multimedia Interface® (HDMI®) 194

5A.1.3 DisplayPort 199

5A.2 In-Home Connectivity Using Wireless Technology 200

5A.2.1 Wireless Gigabit Alliance 200

5A.2.2 WirelessHD 202

5A.2.3 Other Wireless 204

References 205

Chapter 6 3DTV Advocacy and System-Level Research Initiatives 207

6.1 3D Consortium (3DC) 207

6.2 3D@Home Consortium 207

6.3 3D Media Cluster 208

6.4 3DTV 208

6.5 Challenges and Players in the 3DTV Universe 212

6.5.1 European Information Society Technologies (IST) Project "Advanced Three-Dimensional Television System Technologies" (ATTEST) 212

6.5.1.1 3D Content Creation 213

6.5.1.2 3D Video Coding 214

6.5.1.3 Transmission 214

6.5.1.4 Virtual-View Generation and 3D Display 214

6.5.2 3DPhone 214

6.5.3 Mobile3DTV 217

6.5.4 Real3D 219

6.5.5 HELIUM3D (High Efficiency Laser Based Multi User Multi Modal 3D Display) 221

6.5.6 The MultiUser 3D Television Display (MUTED) 223

6.5.7 3D4YOU 223

6.5.8 3DPresence 229

6.5.9 Audio-Visual Content Search and Retrieval in a Distributed P2P Repository (Victory) 232

6.5.9.1 Victory in Automotive Industry 234

6.5.9.2 Victory in Game Industry 235

6.5.10 2020 3D Media 235

6.5.11 i3DPost 238

References 238

Glossary 241

Index 283