50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology: Shattering Widespread Misconceptions about Human Behavior [NOOK Book]

Overview

50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology uses popular myths as a vehicle for helping students and laypersons to distinguish science from pseudoscience.

  • Uses common myths as a vehicle for exploring how to distinguish factual from fictional claims in popular psychology
  • Explores topics that readers will relate to, but often misunderstand, such as “opposites attract,”  “people ...
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50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology: Shattering Widespread Misconceptions about Human Behavior

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Overview

50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology uses popular myths as a vehicle for helping students and laypersons to distinguish science from pseudoscience.

  • Uses common myths as a vehicle for exploring how to distinguish factual from fictional claims in popular psychology
  • Explores topics that readers will relate to, but often misunderstand, such as “opposites attract,”  “people use only 10% of their brains,” and handwriting reveals your personality
  • Provides a “mythbusting kit” for evaluating folk psychology claims in everyday life
  • Teaches essential critical thinking skills through detailed discussions of each myth
  • Includes over 200 additional psychological myths for readers to explore

    Contains an Appendix of useful Web Sites for examining psychological myths

  • Features a postscript of remarkable psychological findings that sound like myths but that are true
  • Engaging and accessible writing style that appeals to students and lay readers alike
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What People Are Saying


“True knowledge is hard won, and this timely and remarkable book shows us that stamping out falsehoods is no easy task either. The book does it all: it debunks all-too-common beliefs from the pseudoscientific fringe; it presents evidence against a variety of myths that seem like they ought to be true; it explains why people fall prey to such falsehoods; and it ends with some tantalizing facts about mind and behavior that make it clear that the truth can be every bit as amazing as fiction. These 50 myths won't disappear with the publication of this book, but those who read it will enjoy being able to set others-many others-straight.”

Thomas Gilovich, Cornell University

"We have needed this compendium for some time. These factoids and popular (but fallacious) memes about psychology have been exposed in single publications, but critiques of all of them have never been brought together in one place before. The myths chosen by these authors are indeed popular ones—the very ones that psychology instructors encounter every day. The book is an incredible resource for both student and instructor. The critiques are accurate and well written. I’m sure my copy will be dog-eared within six months."

Keith E. Stanovich, author or How To Think Straight About Psychology and What Intelligence Tests Miss

"A much-needed mythbuster for consumers and students of psychology. This engaging book reminds us that applying science to everyday psychology is not only enormously worthwhile, but fun."

Carol Tavris, Ph.D., coauthor of Mistakes were made (but not by me)

"Because I only use 10% ofmy brain, I had to play Mozart music while reading this book, and then be hypnotized to recover the memory of it because of early childhood traumas that were repressed but occasionally leaked through out-of-body experiences and ESP. And if you believe any of the above you need to read this book...twice if its mythbusting revelations cause you to repress the memory of it."

Michael Shermer, Publisher of Skeptic magazine, monthly columnist for Scientific American, and author of Why People Believe Weird Things

"Is it true that psychology is mostly common sense? For anyone who wonders, this amazing book—which effectively discounts 50 pop psychology myths and briefly dismisses 250 more—provides convincing answers. And it does more: it offers fascinating examples of how science works and supports critical thinking. For teachers, students, writers, and anyone who wants to think smarter, this classic-to-be will be a valuable resource and a great read."

David G. Myers, Hope College, author, Intuition: Its Powers and Perils

"I find each and every chapter excellent and from a teaching point of view, brilliant. The way in which the history of the myths is presented up to the critical but balanced discussion of each myth, is a great achievement. Scott Lilienfeld is well-known for his user-friendly writing style, but in this text he and his co-authors reach a new level. This led to a book which will not only be easily understandable by undergraduate and especially first year students, but also by the general population."

Dap Louw, Head, Centre for Psychology and the Law, University of the Free State

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Product Details

  • ISBN-13: 9781444360745
  • Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
  • Publication date: 9/15/2011
  • Sold by: Barnes & Noble
  • Format: eBook
  • Edition number: 1
  • Pages: 352
  • Sales rank: 179,878
  • File size: 2 MB

Meet the Author

Scott O. Lilienfeld is a Professor of Psychology at Emory University. He is a recipient of the 1998 David Shakow Early Career Award for Distinguished Contributions to Clinical Psychology from Division 12 (Society for Clinical Psychology) of the APA, past president of the Society for a Science of Clinical Psychology, and a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science. Dr. Lilienfeld's principal areas of research are personality disorders, psychiatric classification and diagnosis, pseudoscience in mental health, and the teaching of psychology.

Steven Jay Lynn is a Professor of Psychology at the State University of New York at Binghamton. He is past President of the APA’s Division of Psychological Hypnosis, and the recipient of the Chancellor's Award of the SUNY for Scholarship and Creative Activities. His major areas of research include hypnosis and memory.

John Ruscio is an Associate Professor of Psychology at The College of New Jersey. His scholarly interests include quantitative methods for psychological research and the characteristics of pseudoscience that distinguish subjects within and beyond the fringes of psychological science.

Barry L. Beyerstein (the late) was Professor of Psychology at Simon Fraser University and chair of the British Columbia Skeptics Society. He was Associate Editor of the Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine, and he co-authored many articles in the Skeptical Inquirer and professional journals.

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Table of Contents

Preface.

Acknowledgments.

Introduction.

The Wide World of Psychomythology.

1 Brain Power.

Myths about the Brain and Perception.

#1 Most People Use Only 10% of Their Brain Power.

#2 Some People Are Left-Brained, Others Are Right-Brained.

#3 Extrasensory Perception Is a Well-Established Scientific Phenomenon.

#4 Visual Perceptions Are Accompanied by Tiny Emissions from the Eyes.

#5 Subliminal Messages Can Persuade People to Purchase Products.

2 From Womb to Tomb.

Myths about Development and Aging.

#6 Playing Mozart's Music to Infants Boosts Their Intelligence.

#7 Adolescence Is Inevitably a Time of Psychological Turmoil.

#8 Most People Experience a Midlife Crisis in Their 40s or Early 50s.

#9 Old Age Is Typically Associated with Increased Dissatisfaction and Senility.

#10 When Dying, People Pass through a Universal Series of Psychological Stages.

3 A Remembrance of Things Past.

Myths about Memory.

#11 Human Memory Works like a Tape Recorder or Video Camera, and Accurately Records the Events We've Experienced.

#12 Hypnosis is Useful for Retrieving Memories of Forgotten Events.

#13 Individuals Commonly Repress the Memories of Traumatic Experiences.

#14 Most People with Amnesia Forget All Details of Their Earlier Lives.

4 Teaching Old Dogs New Tricks.

Myths about Intelligence and Learning.

#15 Intelligence Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People.

#16 If You're Unsure of Your Answer When Taking a Test, It's Best to Stick with Your Initial Hunch.

#17 The Defining Feature of Dyslexia Is Reversing Letters.

#18 Students Learn Best When Teaching Styles Are Matched to Their Learning Styles.

5 Altered States.

Myths about Consciousness.

#19 Hypnosis Is a Unique "Trance" State that Differs in Kind from Wakefulness.

#20 Researchers Have Demonstrated that Dreams Possess Symbolic Meaning.

#21 Individuals Can Learn Information, like New Languages, while Asleep.

#22 During "Out-of-Body" Experiences, People's Consciousness Leaves Their Bodies.

6 I've Got a Feeling.

Myths about Emotion and Motivation.

#23 The Polygraph ("Lie Detector") Test Is an Accurate Means of Detecting Dishonesty.

#24 Happiness Is Determined Mostly by Our External Circumstances.

#25 Ulcers Are Caused Primarily or Entirely by Stress.

#26 A Positive Attitude Can Stave off Cancer.

7 The Social Animal.

Myths about Interpersonal Behavior.

#27 Opposites Attract: We Are Most Romantically Attracted to People Who Differ from Us.

#28 There's Safety in Numbers: The More People Present at an Emergency, the Greater the Chance that Someone Will Intervene.

#29 Men and Women Communicate in Completely Different Ways.

#30 It’s Better to Express Anger to Others than to Hold It in.

8 Know Thyself.

Myths about Personality.

#31 Raising Children Similarly Leads to Similarities in Their Adult Personalities.

#32 The Fact that a Trait Is Heritable Means We Can't Change It.

#33 Low Self-Esteem Is a Major Cause of Psychological Problems.

#34 Most People Who Were Sexually Abused in Childhood Develop Severe Personality Disturbances in Adulthood.

#35 People's Responses to Inkblots Tell Us a Great Deal about Their Personalities.

#36 Our Handwriting Reveals Our Personality Traits.

9 Sad, Mad, and Bad.

Myths about Mental Illness.

#37 Psychiatric Labels Cause Harm by Stigmatizing People.

#38 Only Deeply Depressed People Commit Suicide.

#39 People with Schizophrenia Have Multiple Personalities.

#40 Adult Children of Alcoholics Display a Distinct Profile of Symptoms.

#41 There's Recently Been a Massive Epidemic of Infantile Autism.

#42 Psychiatric Hospital Admissions and Crimes Increase during Full Moons.

10 Disorder in the Court.

Myths about Psychology and the Law.

#43 Most Mentally Ill People Are Violent.

#44 Criminal Profiling Is Helpful in Solving Cases.

#45 A Large Proportion Of Criminals Successfully Use the Insanity Defense.

#46 Virtually All People Who Confess to a Crime Are Guilty of It.

11 Skills and Pills.

Myths about Psychological Treatment.

#47 Expert Judgment and Intuition Are the Best Means of Making Clinical Decisions.

#48 Abstinence Is the Only Realistic Treatment Goal for Alcoholics.

#49 All Effective Psychotherapies Force People to Confront the "Root" Causes of Their Problems in Childhood.

#50 Electroconvulsive ("Shock") Therapy Is a Physically Dangerous and Brutal Treatment.

Postscript.

Truth is Stranger than Fiction.

Appendix.

Recommended Websites for Exploring Psychomythology.

References.

Index.

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Sort by: Showing 1 Customer Reviews
  • Anonymous

    Posted April 28, 2010

    Intriguing!

    I am immensely enjoying this book, even if I have to rush through it during the break between semesters!

    The introduction provided interesting background material on how mental health myths began. However, the first several myths have also demonstrated the negative impact of stigma and its sustainability over so many years based on societal views. I have decided that knowing how they began, and the significance of what they infer to others, is important in order to combat their negative influence.

    I definitely recommend this book to anyone working within the mental health field, but also to those who have a general interest in how myths and legends begin, as well as sorting out the truth from the falsehoods.

    1 out of 1 people found this review helpful.

    Was this review helpful? Yes  No   Report this review
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