Table of Contents
Contents
Acknowledgments
Preface — Stuart B. Schwartz
Introduction
THE AGRICULTURAL WEALTH OF BRAZIL IN THE CULTIVATION OF SUGAR
The Resources a Royal Sugar Mill Owner Should Possess
How the Sugar Planter Should Act in the Purchase, Upkeep, and Leasing of His Lands
How the Planter Should Deal with Tenants and His Other Neighbors and They with Him
How the Planter Should Behave in Choosing the Hands and Skilled Workers He Engages, Beginning with the Choice of Chaplain
The Head Overseer and the Subordinate Overseers who Preside in the Milling, the Estate, and the Cane Fields; Their Duties and Salaries
The Sugar Master, the Assistant Master or Banqueiro, and the Assistant Banqueiro
The Sugar Refiner
The Bookkeeper on the Plantation
How the Planter Should Treat His Slaves
How the Planter Should Act in Directing His Family and Ordinary Household Expenses
How the Planter Should Receive Guests, Whether Religious or Laymen
How the Planter Should Deal with Merchants as well as with His Agents in the Market Place; Some of the Ways of Buying and Selling Sugar, as Practiced in Brazil
The Choice of Land on Which to Plant the Cane, and for Supplying Provisions Needed for the Mill
Planting and Weeding Canes, and the Different Kinds of Them
Enemies of the Cane in the Field
Cutting the Cane and Carrying It to the Mill
The Mill, the Building Housing It, and How Water Powers It
How the Cane Is Milled and the Number of People Required to Mill It
The Wood Used to Make the Rollers, and All Other Woodworking on the Plantation, Canoes and Boats, and What Is Normally Paid to Carpenters and Similar Workers
Furnaces, Their Equipment, the Required Firewood, and the Ash Used for Leaching
The Cauldrons and Copper Vessels, Their Organization, the Skilled Workers and Others Required, and the Tools They Use
Cleaning and Purifying the Caldo from the Cane in the Cauldrons and the Filtering Kettle until It Reaches the Boiling Pans
How Melado Is Cooked and Whisked in the Boiling Pans
The Three Temperings of Melado and Its Correct Distribution in the Molds
Regarding the Molds for Sugar and Their Movement from the Cooling Shed to the Refinery
Refining the Sugar in Its Molds
The People Required to Refine, Separate, Dry, and Crate the Sugar; the Tools Needed to Do This
The Clay Used for the Sugar Molds; What Type It Should Be, How It Should Be Kneaded, and If it Is Wise to Have a Pottery Workshop on the Plantation
How Sugar Is Refined in the Molds and How It Is Treated in the Refinery
How Sugar Is Removed from the Molds, Separated, and Dried
Weighing, Distributing, and Crating the Sugar
Various Types of Sugar Crated Separately, the Marks on the Crates, and Their Transport to the Warehouse
The Past and Present Prices of Sugar
The Number of Crates of Sugar Normally Produced Each Year in Brazil
The Cost of a Crate of Sugar of Thirty-Five Arrobas Cleared through the Customs House in Lisbon, and the Value of All Sugar Produced in Brazil Each Year
The Suffering of Sugar from the Time It Is Born in the Field until It Leaves Brazil
THE DEVELOPMENT AND WEALTH OF BRAZIL THROUGH THE CULTIVATION OF TOBACCO
How Tobacco was Developed in Brazil and What Esteem It Has Attained
The Labor of Tobacco, How It Is Seeded, Transplanted, and Weeded, and When to Plant It
How the Tobacco Leaves Are Picked and Cured and How These Are Treated and Made into Coils
How Tobacco Is Cured after Making Coils
How Tobacco Is Rolled and Encased in Leather and Those Engaged in This Entire Process from Planting until Rolling
The Second and Third Collections of Tobacco Leaves and Their Diverse Qualities for Chewing, Smoking, or Grinding
How Tobacco Is Ground, Sifted, Powdered, and Perfumed
The Moderate Use of Tobacco for Health and the Great Injury Done to the Health However It Is Used
How Tobacco Is Cleared through the Customs House of Bahia
The Cost of One Roll of Tobacco of Eight Arrobas, Sent from Bahia to the Customs House in Lisbon, with Duties Paid, Ready to Ship
The High Regard in Which Brazilian Tobacco Is Held in Europe and Other Parts of the World, and the Great Tax Revenues It Provides the Royal Treasury: The Penalties for Trafficking in Tobacco Not Cleared through Customs and Methods Used to Avoid Taxation
THE DEVELOPMENT AND WEALTH OF BRAZIL BY GOLD MINING
The Gold Mines Discovered in Brazil
The Gold Mines Called “General” and Who Discovered Them
The Other Gold Mines along the Rio das Velhas and in Caeté
The Yield from the Creeks and the Different Qualities of Gold Extracted from Them
The People in the Mines and Who Mine Gold in the Streams
The Rights or Shares of the Mines
The Great Availability of Equipment and Daily Necessities in the Mines and the Indifference about Their Extraordinarily High Prices
The Different Prices for Gold Sold in Brazil and the Amounts of Gold Annually Extracted from the Mines
The Obligation to Pay the King, Our Lord, One-Fifth of the Gold Extracted from the Mines in Brazil
The Route from the Town of São Paulo to the General Mines and to the Rio das Velhas
The Old Route from the City of Rio de Janeiro to the General Mines of Cataguás and the Rio das Velhas
The New Route from the City of Rio de Janeiro to the Mines
The Route from the City of Bahia to the Mines of the Rio das Velhas
How Gold is Extracted from the Mines and Creeks in Brazil, as Observed by Someone Traveling with Governor Artur de Sá
How to Recognize Silver Mines
How to Recognize Silver and Purify Metals
The Damage Done to Brazil by Greed Following the Discovery of Gold in Mines
THE DEVELOPMENT AND WEALTH OF BRAZIL BY THE ABUNDANCE OF CATTLE, LEATHERWORKING, OTHER ROYAL CONTRACTS REMAINING IN THIS COLONY
The Great Expanses of Land for Pastures in Brazil, Filled with Cattle
The Herds Normally Conducted from Their Ranches to the Cities, Towns, and Bays of Brazil Destined for Both the Slaughterhouse as well as Sugar Mills, Tobacco Farms, and Other Places of Industry
Transporting Herds from the Interior, the Normal Prices for Cattle for Slaughter and Cattle for Farmers
The Cost of One Hide of Leather and Half a Hide, Treated and Exported from Brazil, Placed in the Lisbon Customs House
Summary of Everything Normally Exported Annually from Brazil to Portugal and Its Value
The Last Chapter: How It Is Only Just that Brazil Is Favored Because of Its Value to the Kingdom of Portugal
Notes
Glossary
Index
