Table of Contents
1 A Different Mirror: The Making of Multicultural America 3
Part 1 Foundations
Before Columbus: Vinland 23
2 The "Tempest" in the Wilderness: A Tale of Two Frontiers 26
Shakespeare's Dream About America 27
English Over Irish 28
English Over Indian 30
Virginia: To "Root Out" Indians as a People 34
New England: The "Utter Extirpation" of Indians 37
Stolen Lands: A World Turned "Upside Down" 44
3 The Hidden Origins of Slavery 49
A View from the Cabins: Black and White Together 51
"English and Negroes in Armes": Bacon's Rebellion 57
"White Over Black" 62
Part 2 Contradictions
The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom 75
4 Toward "the Stony Mountains": From Removal to Reservation 79
Andrew Jackson: "To...Tread on the Graves of Extinct Nations" 79
The Embittered Human Heart: The Choctaws 83
"The Trail of Tears": The Cherokees 87
"American Progress": "Civilization" Over "Savagery" 91
5 "No More Peck o' Corn": Slavery and Its Discontents 98
"North of Slavery" 99
Was "Sambo" Real? 102
Frederick Douglass: Son of His Master 113
Martin Delany: Father of Black Nationalism 118
"Tell Linkum Dat We Wants Land" 122
6 Fleeing "the Tyrant's Heel": "Exiles" from Ireland 131
Behind the Emigration: "John Bull Must Have the Beef" 132
An "Immortal Irish Brigade" of Workers 137
Irish "Maids" and "Factory Girls" 145
"Green Power": The Irish "Ethnic" Strategy 151
7 "Foreigners in Their Native Land": The War Against Mexico 155
"We Must Be Conquerors or We Are Robbers" 155
Anglo Over Mexican 164
8 Searching for Gold Mountain: Strangers from a Different Shore 177
Pioneersfrom Asia 178
Twice a Minority: Chinese Women in America 191
A Colony of "Bachelors" 195
A Sudden Change in Fortune: The San Francisco Earthquake 200
"Caught in Between": Chinese Born in America 203
Part 3 Transitions
The End of the Frontier: The Emergence of an American Empire 209
9 The "Indian Question": From Reservation to Reorganization 214
The Massacre at Wounded Knee 214
Where the Buffalo No Longer Roam 216
Allotment and Assimilation 220
The Indian "New Deal": What Kind of a "Deal" Was It? 225
10 Pacific Crossings: From Japan to the Land of "Money Trees" 232
Picture Brides in America 233
Tears in the Canefields 237
Transforming California: From Deserts to Farms 252
The Nisei: Americans by Birth 259
11 The Exodus from Russia: Pushed by Pogroms 262
A Shtetl in America 267
In the Sweatshops: An Army of Garment Workers 271
Daughters of the Colony 275
Up from "Greenhorns": Crossing Delancey Street 280
12 El Norte: Up from Mexico 292
Sprinkling the Fields with the Sweat of Their Brows 295
Tortillas and Rotis: Mixed Marriages 300
On the Other Side of the Tracks 302
The Barrio: A Mexican-American World 307
13 To "the Land of Hope": Blacks in the Urban North 311
"The Wind Said North" 312
The Crucible of the City 318
Black Pride in Harlem 325
"But a Few Pegs to Fall": The Great Depression 332
Part 4 Transformations
The Problem of the Color Lines 339
14 World War II: American Dilemmas 341
Japanese Americans: "A Tremendous Hole" in the Constitution 342
African Americans: "Bomb the Color Line" 350
Chinese Americans: To "Silence the Distorted Japanese Propaganda" 359
Mexican Americans: Up from the Barrio 361
Native Americans: "Why Fight the White Man's War?" 367
Jewish Americans: A "Deafening Silence" 371
A Holocaust Called Hiroshima 380
15 Out of the War: Clamors for Change 383
Rising Winds for Social Justice 383
Raisins in the Sun: Dreams Deferred 396
Asian Americans: A "Model Minority" for Blacks? 402
16 Again, the "Tempest-Tost" 405
From a "Teeming Shore": Russia, Ireland, and China 406
Dragon's Teeth of Fire: Vietnam 411
Wars of Terror: Afghanistan 418
Beckoned North: Mexico 426
17 "We Will All Be Minorities" 434
Author's Note: Epistemology and Epiphany 441
Notes 447
Index 519
