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From freed slaves fleeing the Reconstruction-Era South to African American cowboys to millions moving in massive migrations in the early 20th century. African Americans played an important role in the settling of the western United States. But did the West really deliver a life of greater freedom and opportunity? To answer that question, African Americans in the West tells the sweeping story of the black American experience in the western United States from colonial times to the present.
African Americans in the West highlights a number of pivotal moments in the lives of black Americans, including the expansion of the slave trade, the post-Civil War migrations and the more modest 20th-century relocations, and the emergence of West Coast black activism and its role in the Civil Rights Movement. Drawing on a surge of recent research, it offers a fresh look at the ways African Americans influenced-and were influenced by-life on the frontier.
There is no way to understand the American West-past, present, and future-without understanding the unique perspectives of the incredible variety of its peoples. ABC-CLIO' is Cultures in the American West series takes on the challenging task of demythologizing the most heavily mythologized region in the United States. Each volume, written by experts in their respective fields, focuses on one of the many groups to call the West home. Volumes include discussions of origins, migrations, communtiy development, and historical change, as well as short biographies.
Series Introduction Scott C. Zeman xi
Preface xv
Maps xix
1 The African American West: Getting Started
Defining the West 3
Why Study the West 11
Americans of African Descent 12
About This Book 17
2 Frontiers of Slavery and Freedom, 1815-1865 21
Slavery on the Early Frontier 24
The Community Impulse|29
Black Individualism 31
Texas and Slavery 34
Indian Territory and Slavery 36
The Mexican War 39
The California Gold Rush 41
The Slavery Cases and Colored Conventions 44
Beyond the West of Bondage?., 50
The West and the Civil War 51
Conclusion 53
Bibliographic Essay 54
3 Trailblazers in the New West, 1866-1890 57
The Cowboys 61
Soldiering West 70
To Kansas! 74
Oklahoma 78
The Black Towns 80
The Rise of the Urban West 83
Building "Community" 86
Bibliographic Essay 90
4 Seeking Freedom in the West, 1890-1920 91
A Different Kind of Black Experience 92
The South in Crisis 94
The "Talented Tenth" Migration 98
The Great Migration 102
No Rush WestWard 105
Community Life in the Black West 107
The Afro-American Council 111
The Colored Women's Clubs 112
The Rise of the NAACP 114
World War I 118
Bibliographic Essay
5 Between The World Wars, 1920-1940 127
The Tulsa Race Riot 130
The Second Ku Klux Klan 133
Garveyism Out West 136
The New Negro Renaissance 140
The Great Depression and the New Deal 150
Bibliographic Essay 157
6 World War Ii and the Great Transformation 159
The Defense Economy 162
The Second Great Migration 165
The Role of the Federal Government 171
Race and Organized Labor 175
The Port Chicago Disaster 181
The Housing Crisis 184
Liberty Ships 188
Bibliographic Essay 189
7The Era Of Racial Liberalism, 1945-1965 191
An Even Greater Migration 135
The Housing Crises 197
Fighting For Civil Rights 202
Direct-Action Protests 208
Direct Action In The West 212
Sports And Entertainment 216
The Political Arena 222
Bibliographic Essay 225
8 The Era Of Black Nationalism, 1965-1980 227
The Black West As Trendsetter 230
Rebellion In Watts 230
The Aftermath 233
"Black Power" 235
Karenga And Kwanzaa 238
The Black Panthers 242
Angela Davis and Che-Lumumba 248
Civil Rights in the West(continued...) 254
The Electoral Arena 255
The 1968 Olympic Games 259
Blacks and Hollywood 262
Conclusion 265
Bibliographic Essay 266
9 The African American West since 1980: Decline And Success 269
The Urban Crisis 273
The Rodney King Beating 276
The L.A Riot 278
Gangsta Rap 283
Willie Brown: Political Star 287
Sports as the Great Equalizer 290
Suburbanization 297
Leaving the West 299
Bibliographic Essay 301
10 Historiography and Current Issues 303
The Historiography of the Black West 305
A New Wave of Multiracial History? 310
A "Minority Majority? 313
Chronology 317
Glassary 329
Selected Bibliography 335
Index 341
About the Author 353
Anonymous
Posted April 1, 2013
NAME: Nala<br>
AGE: i'm not really fond of putting my name, for i truly do not care. <br>
GENDER: female. Duh!<br>
RELATIONSHIP: so far i'm single and waiting for Mr. Right to come. XD i'm not kidding. <br>
LOOKS: i am a pure white lion. My eyes are an ice blue and i have a long scar across my right eye. On my left ear i have a small chunk of my ear missing from a fight.<br>
WHAT AM I LIKE?: honestly you have to get to know me first and i'm more of a viscious feline. I'm quite friendly and only fight with those who attempt to steal my mate.
Anonymous
Posted March 29, 2013
Name: Oasis • Looks: pretty lithe rare white tiger (the only one, actually, so no one steal my thing!) • Age: 24 moons • Personality: rebellious sometimes, but sweet, kind, wise, fun • Mate: none • Crush: none • Kits: none • Kin: Oshasha; mother, rest unknown
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.Anonymous
Posted March 29, 2013
I am Savage. I am a smal but lithe rare black lion. My eyes are golden. I am a female lion. I am very child like but a grown adult. I do mot like fighting but love rabbits. I am scared of eandom things and sad at random things. I have scars and not used to others being nice to me. My only relative is my sister Java....I am Java. I am a large russet colored lion with green moss colored eyes. I am female as well. I am not one to mess with and not the happiest lion around. I protect what is mine. If someone could just see past the cold outer shell....
Was this review helpful? Yes NoThank you for your feedback. Report this reviewThank you, this review has been flagged.Anonymous
Posted October 24, 2011
No text was provided for this review.
Overview
From freed slaves fleeing the Reconstruction-Era South to African American cowboys to millions moving in massive migrations in the early 20th century. African Americans played an important role in the settling of the western United States. But did the West really deliver a life of greater freedom and opportunity? To answer that question, African Americans in the West tells the sweeping story of the black American experience in the western United States from colonial times to the...