Analyzing Moral Issues / Edition 6

by Judith A. Boss

Overview

Analyzing Moral Issues presents a variety of timely and interesting moral issues through lively introductions and primary source selections. This text, with readings, covers a broad range of ethical perspectives, among them virtue ethics (Aristotelian and Confucian), Buddhist and feminist care ethics, and the Rawlsian and communitarian approaches. The sixth edition includes coverage of the latest current events like the Occupy Wall Street movement, the assassination of Osama bin Laden, anti-war protests at the funerals of fallen soldiers, the Great Recession and more.
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Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780078038440
Publisher:	McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Publication date:	09/10/2012
Edition description:	Older Edition
Pages:	736
Product dimensions:	7.70(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.10(d)
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Judith A. Boss earned her PhD in 1990 from Boston University, her MA from Dalhousie University in Canada in 1971, and her BA from the University of Western Australia in 1969. Prior to pursing a career in academia, she worked as a writer/researcher for the Nova Scotia Museum. She was on the faculty of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Rhode Island from 1988 to 1995 and worked as Assistant Director of Curriculum Affairs at Brown University School of Medicine until 2004, when she "retired" to return to full-time writing. She remained at Brown University as a visiting scholar with the philosophy department for several years while working on her textbooks. In addition to her philosophical interests, she completed a MS in Human Development at URI in 1991 and has led faculty workshops and written extensively on the topic of college student development. She was recipient of a URI Foundation Grant to study the effects of community service learning on students' moral development and has served as a grant application reviewer for the Corporation for National Service. The author of nine books, her publications include ANALYZING MORAL ISSUES and ETHICS FOR LIFE, both with McGraw-Hill. Her textbook THiNK, also with McGraw-Hill, just came out in 2009. She is published in, among other, The Journal of Moral Education, Public Affairs Quarterly, The Journal of Medical Ethics, Academic Medicine, Educational Theory, Free Inquiry, and The Journal of Experiential Education. During her spare time she volunteers with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services and is active in the Appalachian Mountain Club. An avid traveler, she has traveled with students from the University of Rhode Island and Brown Medical School to work with underserved, indigenous people in Guatemala and Mexico. Her favorite travel destination, however, is Antarctica, and Blue Ice, a suspense/thriller she wrote that is set in Antarctica, is coming out in print next year. She lives in Rhode Island with her daughter, son-in-law and twin granddaughters.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Moral Theory 1Moral Philosophy 2What Is the Purpose of Moral Theories? 2The Types of Moral Theories 3Relativism in Ethics 4Moving Beyond Ethical Relativism 11Morality and Religion 15Universal Moral Theories 18Ethical Egoism 19Utilitarianism 22Deontology: The Ethics of Duty 26Rights-Based Ethics 32Virtue Ethics 37Conclusion 41Aristotle, from Nicomachean Ethics 42Ayn Rand, from The Fountainhead 47Jeremy Bentham, from An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation 50John Stuart Mill, from Utilitarianism 52Immanuel Kant, from Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Ethics 54John Rawls, from A Theory of Justice 59John Locke, from Two Treatises of Civil Government 62Nel Noddings, from Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education 65Confucius, from The Analects 68Thich Nhat Hanh, “The Five Mindfulness Trainings” 71Case Studies 125Chapter 2 Abortion 73Background 73The History of Abortion in the United States 74The U.S. Supreme Court Roe v. Wade Decision 75Abortion and Religion 78Methods of Abortion 79The Moral Issues 80Conclusion 85Judith Jarvis Thomson, “A Defense of Abortion” 86John T. Noonan Jr., “An Almost Absolute Value in History” 97Mary Anne Warren, “The Moral Significance of Birth” 102Don Marquis, “Why Abortion Is Immoral” 108Serrin M. Foster, “Refuse to Choose: Women Deserve Better Than Abortion” 113Case Studies 125Chapter 3 Genetic Engineering, Cloning, and Stem Cell Research 131The History of Genetic Engineering 131The Human Genome Project 132Genetic Engineering 132Cloning 133Stem Cell Research 136The Moral Issues 137Conclusion 143Julian Salvulescu, “Genetic Interventions and the Ethics of Enhancement of Human Beings” 144Judith A. J ohnson and Erin D. W illiams, “Human Cloning: Ethical and Social Issues” 150Leon Kass, “The Wisdom of Repugnance: Why We Should Ban the Cloning of Humans” 158James R. Langevin, “Statement in Support of H.R. 810, the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act” 166Case Studies 125Chapter 4 Euthanasia 177What Is Euthanasia? 177The Philosophers on Euthanasia 178The Contemporary Debate over Euthanasia 180Euthanasia Legislation 181Physician-Assisted Suicide 182The Hospice Movement 184The Moral Issues 185Conclusion 189James Rachels, “Active and Passive Euthanasia” 190Margaret Pabst Battin, “The Case for Euthanasia” 195J. Gay - Williams, “The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia” 203John Hardwig, “Is There a Duty to Die?” 207Susan M. Wolf, “A Feminist Critique of Physician-Assisted Suicide” 214Case Studies 222Chapter 5 The Death Penalty 228History of the Death Penalty 228The Death Penalty Today 228The Death Penalty: Juvenile and Mentally Retarded Offenders 232The Medicalization of Executions 232DNA Testing 233The Philosophers on the Death Penalty 233The Moral Issues 235Conclusion 239Ernest van den Haag, “The Ultimate Punishment: A Defense of Capital Punishment” 240Christopher W. Morris, “Punishment and Loss of Moral Standing” 245Hugo Adam Bedau, “Capital Punishment” 251Jeffrey Reiman, “Why the Death Penalty Should be Abolished in the United States” 261Helen Prejean, “Would Jesus Pull the Switch?” 267Case Studies 272Chapter 6 Drug and Alcohol Use 278What Is a Drug? 278The History of Drug and Alcohol Use 279Legal and Illegal Drugs 280Drug and Alcohol Use Today 281Drug and Alcohol Use Among College Students 283Drugs in Sports 284The Disease Model of Addiction 285The Moral Model of Addiction 286The Philosophers on Drug and Alcohol Abuse 286The Moral Issues 287Conclusion 290Thomas Szasz, “The Ethics of Addiction” 291James Q. Wilson, “Against the Legalization of Drugs” 299Douglas N. Husak, “A Moral Right to Use Drugs” 307Laura Dean - Mooney and John McCardell, “Two Takes on the 21 Drinking Age” 314Thomas H. Murray, “Drugs, Sports, and Ethics” 317Case Studies 324Chapter 7 Sexual Intimacy and Marriage 330Religious and Cultural Attitudes Toward Sexuality and Marriage 330Sexual Intimacy and Love 331Marriage 332Homosexuality and Same-Sex Marriages 333Cohabitation and Premarital Sex 334The Philosophers on Sexuality and Marriage 335Adultery and Infidelity 336Sex and Violence 336Prostitution and the Sex Trade 338The Moral Issues 338Conclusion 341The Vatican, “Declaration on Sexual Ethics” 341Sara Ruddick, “Better Sex” 346Michael Ruse, “Is Homosexuality Bad Sexuality?” 353Margaret H. Marshall and Robert J. Cordy, Goodridge v. Department of Public Health (2003) 361Richard W asserstrom, “Is Adultery Immoral?” 370Lois Pineau, “Date Rape: A Feminist Analysis” 377Case Studies 383Chapter 8 Feminism, Motherhood, and the Workplace 390Feminism 390The Philosophers on Women 394Motherhood 395Women in the Workplace 397Sexual Harassment 399The Moral Issues 400Conclusion 401Simone de Beauvoir, “The Second Sex” 402Ruth Groenhout, “Essentialist Challenges to Liberal Feminism” 406Linda Hirshman, “Homeward Bound” 415Gloria Steinem, “Women Are Never Front-Runners” 424Steven Goldberg, “The Logic of Patriarchy” 426Katie Roiphe, “Reckless Eyeballing: Sexual Harassmenton Campus” 432Case Studies 439Chapter 9 Freedom of Speech 445What Is “Freedom of Speech”? 445Limitations on Freedom of Speech 446The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution 447Freedom of Speech in Cyberspace 448Pornography 449Hate Speech as Protected Speech 450Speech Codes and Free Speech Zones on College Campuses 452The Philosophers on Freedom of Speech 454The Moral Issues 455Conclusion 459John S tuart Mill, from On Liberty 459Catharine A. MacKinnon, “Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech” 467Charles R. Lawrence III, “If He Hollers Let Him Go: Regulating Racist Speech on Campus” 475Nadine Strossen, “Hate Speech and Pornography: Do We Have to Choose Between Freedom of Speech and Equality?” 484Stanley Fish, “There’s No Such Thing as Free Speech,and It’s a Good Thing, Too” 493Alan M. Dershowitz, “Political Correctness, Speech Codes, and Diversity” 499Cass R. Sunstein, “The First Amendment in Cyberspace” 502Case Studies 507Chapter 10 Racial Discrimination and Global Justice 514Defining the Key Terms 514The Philosophers on Racism 516The Roots of American Racism 517Racism Today 521Globalization, Immigration, and Racism 524The Moral Issues 525Conclusion 527Lyndon B. Johnson, “To Fulfill These Rights” 528Bernard R. Boxill, “The Color-Blind Principle” 540Michael Levin, “Race, Biology, and Justice” 546Joseph H. Carens, The Rights of Irregular MigrantsThomas Pogge, “World Poverty and Human Rights” 559Case Studies 565Chapter 11 War and Terrorism 571Background 571The Philosophers on War and Terrorism 572The Just-War Tradition 575Weapons of Mass Destruction 578Pacifism and Conscription 579The Moral Issues 580Conclusion 584Elizabeth Anscombe, “War and Murder” 585C.A.J. Coady, “War and Terrorism” 591Sohail H. Hashmi, “Interpreting the Islamic Ethics of War and Peace” 599Jonathan Granoff, “Nuclear Weapons, Ethics, Morals and Law” 608David Luban, “The War on Terrorism and the End of Human Rights” 613Stephen Joel Trachtenberg, “Sharing the Burden” 620Case Studies 630Chapter 12 Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics 637The Legal and Moral Status of Nonhuman Animals 637The Legal and Moral Status of the Environment 639The Philosophers on the Moral Value of Nonhuman Animals and the Environment 639Animal Farming, Environmental Degradation, and Vegetarianism 641Global Warming and Climate Change 643Animal Experimentation 644The Moral Issues 645Conclusion 648Tom R egan, “The Moral Basis of Vegetarianism” 649Jan Narveson, “Animal Rights Revisited” 655Peter Singer, from Animal Liberation 660Carl Cohen, “Do Animals Have Rights?” 669Aldo Leopold, “The Land Ethic” 676Bill Devall and George Sessions, “Deep Ecology” 680James Garvey, Climate Change and Moral Outrage Karen J. W arren, “The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism, Revisited” 687Case Studies 694
Glossary G-1Endnotes N-1Credits C-1Index I-1