Applied Strength of Materials

by Robert L. Mott, Joseph A. Untener

Overview

This text is an established bestseller in engineering technology programs, and the Seventh Edition of Applied Strength of Materials continues to provide comprehensive coverage of the mechanics of materials. Focusing on active learning and consistently reinforcing key concepts, the book is designed to aid students in their first course on the strength of materials.

Introducing the theoretical background of the subject, with a strong visual component, the book equips readers with problem-solving techniques. The updated Seventh Edition incorporates new technologies with a strong pedagogical approach. Emphasizing realistic engineering applications for the analysis and design of structural members, mechanical devices, and systems, the book includes such topics as torsional deformation, shearing stresses in beams, pressure vessels, and design properties of materials. A "big picture" overview is included at the beginning of each chapter, and step-by-step problem-solving approaches are used throughout the book.

FEATURES

• Includes "the big picture" introductions that map out chapter coverage and provide a clear context for readers
• Contains everyday examples to provide context for students of all levels
• Offers examples from civil, mechanical, and other branches of engineering technology
• Integrates analysis and design approaches for strength of materials, backed up by real engineering examples
• Examines the latest tools, techniques, and examples in applied engineering mechanics

This book will be of interest to students in the field of engineering technology and materials engineering as an accessible and understandable introduction to a complex field.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781032002224
Publisher:	CRC Press
Publication date:	07/05/2021
Edition description:	7th ed.
Pages:	1172
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d)

About the Author

Robert L. Mott is professor emeritus of engineering technology at the University of Dayton. He is a member of ASEE, SME, and ASME. He is a Fellow of ASEE and a recipient of the ASEE James H. McGraw Award, Frederick J. Berger Award, and the Archie Higdon Distinguished Educator Award (From Applied Mechanics Division). He is a recipient of the SME Education Award. He holds the Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree from General Motors Institute (now Kettering University) and the Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University. His industry experience includes General Motors Corporation, consulting for several companies, and serving as an expert witness on numerous legal cases. He is the author of three textbooks: Applied Fluid Mechanics 7th ed. (co-authored with Joseph A. Untener) and Machine Elements in Mechanical Design 6th ed., published by Pearson/Prentice-Hall; Applied Strength of Materials 6th ed. (co-authored with Joseph A. Untener) with CRC Press.

Joseph A. Untener, P.E. is a professor of engineering technology at the University of Dayton. He is a member of ASEE, SME, and ASME. He holds the Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering degree from General Motors Institute (now Kettering University) and the Master of Science in Industrial Administration from Purdue University. He has worked on the design and implementation of manufacturing equipment at General Motors, and served as an engineering consultant for many other companies. He teaches courses in Mechanical Engineering Technology at UD. He has co-authored two textbooks with Robert L. Mott: Applied Fluid Mechanics 7th ed. published by Pearson/Prentice-Hall, and Applied Strength of Materials 6th ed. with CRC Press.

Table of Contents

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xvii

Authors xix

Introduction xxi

1 Basic Concepts in Strength of Materials 1

Exploration 2

1-1 Objective of This Book: To Ensure Safety 6

1-2 Objectives of This Chapter 18

1-3 Basic Unit Systems 19

1-4 Mass, Force, and Weight 21

1-5 Concept of Stress 23

1-6 Direct Normal Stress 26

1-7 Stress Elements for Direct Normal Stresses 29

1-8 Concept of Strain 31

1-9 Direct Shear Stress 32

1-10 Stress Elements for Shear Stresses 38

1-11 Commercially Available Standard Shapes 39

1-12 Preferred Sizes and Screw Threads 50

1-13 Review of the Fundamentals of Statics 52

References 67

Internet Sites 67

Problems 69

2 Design Properties of Materials 91

Exploration 92

2-1 Objectives of This Chapter 93

2-2 Design Properties of Materials 95

2-3 Steel 115

2-4 Cast Iron 125

2-5 Aluminum 127

2-6 Copper, Brass, and Bronze 129

2-7 Zinc-, Magnesium-, Titanium-, and Nickel-Based Alloys 130

2-8 Nonmetals in Engineering Design 132

2-9 Wood 133

2-10 Concrete 134

2-11 Plastics 138

2-12 Composites 141

2-13 Materials Selection 155

References 159

Internet Sites 161

Problems 163

3 Direct Stress, Deformation, and Design 169

Exploration 170

3-1 Objectives of This Chapter 175

3-2 Applied Normal Stress 175

3-3 Design Normal Stress 176

3-4 Determination of Design Factor 177

3-5 Methods of Computing Design Stress 182

3-6 Elastic Deformation in Tension and Compression Members 189

3-7 Stress Concentration Factors for Direct Axial Stresses 197

3-8 Applied Bearing Stress 202

3-9 Design Bearing Stress 207

References 215

Problems 216

4 Design for Direct Shear, Torsional Shear, and Torsional Deformation 237

Exploration 238

4-1 Objectives of This Chapter 245

4-2 Design Shear Stress 245

4-3 Transmitting Power through Rotating Shafts 251

4-4 Applied Torsional Shear Stress in Members with Circular Cross Sections 256

4-5 Development of the Torsional Shear Stress Formula 260

4-6 Polar Moment of Inertia for Solid Circular Bars 262

4-7 Torsional Shear Stress and Polar Moment of Inertia for Hollow Circular Bars 262

4-8 Design of Circular Members under Torsion 266

4-9 Comparison of Solid and Hollow Circular Members 269

4-10 Stress Concentrations in Torsionally Loaded Members 274

4-11 Twisting: Elastic Torsional Deformation 283

4-12 Torsion In Noncircular Sections 296

References 304

Internet Sites 304

Problems 305

5 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments in Beams 335

Exploration 336

5-1 Objectives of This Chapter 345

5-2 Beam Loading, Supports, and Types of Beams 345

5-3 Reactions at Supports 356

5-4 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Concentrated Loads 362

5-5 Guidelines for Drawing Beam Diagrams for Concentrated Loads 368

5-6 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Distributed Loads 378

5-7 General Shapes Found in Bending Moment Diagrams 386

5-8 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Cantilever Beams 388

5-9 Beams with Linearly Varying Distributed Loads 390

5-10 Free-Body Diagrams of Parts of Structures 392

5-11 Mathematical Analysis of Beam Diagrams 399

5-12 Continuous Beams: Theorem of Three Moments 413

Problems 420

6 Centroids and Moments of Inertia of Areas 449

Exploration 450

6-1 Objectives of This Chapter 453

6-2 Concept of Centroid: Simple Shapes 454

6-3 Centroid of Complex Shapes 454

6-4 Concept of Moment of Inertia of an Area 460

6-5 Moment of Inertia of Composite Shapes Whose Parts Have the Same Centroidal Axis 464

6-6 Moment of Inertia for Composite Shapes: General Case-Use of the Parallel Axis Theorem 466

6-7 Mathematical Definition of Moment of Inertia 470

6-8 Composite Sections Made from Commercially Available Shapes 472

6-9 Moment of Inertia for Shapes with All Rectangular Parts 476

6-10 Radius of Gyration 478

6-11 Section Modulus 482

References 484

Internet Suites 485

Problems 486

Computer Assignments 505

7 Stress due to Bending 507

7-1 Objectives of This Chapter 512

7-2 Flexure Formula 513

7-3 Conditions on the Use of the Flexure Formula 517

7-4 Stress Distribution on a Cross Section of a Beam 520

7-5 Derivation of the Flexure Formula 522

7-6 Applications: Analysis of Stresses in Beams 524

7-7 Applications: Beam Design and Design Stresses 529

7-8 Section Modulus and Design Procedures 533

7-9 Stress Concentrations 540

7-10 Flexural Center or Shear Center 548

7-11 Preferred Shapes for Beam Cross Sections 552

7-12 Design of Beams to Be Made from Composite Materials 558

References 559

Internet Sites 560

Problems 561

8 Shearing Stresses in Beams 603

8-1 Objectives of This Chapter 609

8-2 Importance of Shearing Stresses in Beams 610

8-3 General Shear Formula 612

8-4 Distribution of Shearing Stress in Beams 620

8-5 Development of the General Shear Formula 628

8-6 Special Shear Formulas 631

8-7 Design for Shear 637

8-8 Shear How 639

References 643

Problems 644

Additional Practice and Review Problems 662

9 Deflection of Beams 665

9-1 Objectives of This Chapter 674

9-2 Need for Considering Beam Deflections 675

9-3 General Principles and Definitions of Terms 677

9-4 Beam Deflections Using the Formula Method 681

9-5 Comparison of the Manner of Support for Beams 689

9-6 Superposition Using Deflection Formulas 698

9-7 Successive Integration Method 708

9-8 Moment-Area Method 724

References 749

Internet Sites 750

Problems 750

Computer Assignments 767

10 Combined Stresses 769

10-1 Objectives of This Chapter 776

10-2 Stress Element 777

10-3 Stress Distribution Created by Basic Stresses 778

10-4 Creating the Initial Stress Element 782

10-5 Combined Normal Stresses 788

10-6 Combined Normal and Shear Stresses 797

10-7 Equations for Stresses in Any Direction 804

10-8 Maximum and Minimum Stresses 808

10-9 Mohr's Circle for Stress 812

10-10 Stress Condition on Selected Planes 831

10-11 Special Case in Which Both Principal Stresses Have the Same Sign 836

10-12 Use of Strain-Gage Rosettes to Determine Principle Stresses 842

References 851

Internet Sites 851

Problems 852

Computer Assignments 874

11 Columns 875

11-1 Objectives of This Chapter 881

11-2 Slenderness Ratio 882

11-3 Transition Slenderness Ratio 888

11-4 Euler Formula for Long Columns 890

11-5 J.B. Johnson Formula for Short Columns 891

11-6 Summary: Buckling Formulas 891

11-7 Design Factors for Columns and Allowable Load 895

11-8 Summary: Method of Analyzing Columns 895

11-9 Column Analysis Spreadsheet 901

11-10 Efficient Shapes for Column Cross Sections 903

11-11 Specifications of the AISC 904

11-12 Specifications of the Aluminum Association 908

11-13 Noncentrally Loaded Columns 909

References 917

Problems 917

Additional Review and Practice Problems 924

Computer Assignments 930

12 Pressure Vessels 931

12-1 Objectives of This Chapter 936

12-2 Distinction between Thin-Walled and Thick-Walled Pressure Vessels 937

12-3 Thin-Walled Spheres 938

12-4 Thin-Walled Cylinders 941

12-5 Thick-Walled Cylinders and Spheres 946

12-6 Analysis and Design Procedures for Pressure Vessels 947

12-7 Spreadsheet Aid for Analyzing Thick-Walled Spheres and Cylinders 956

12-8 Shearing Stress in Cylinders and Spheres 957

12-9 Other Design Considerations for Pressure Vessels 962

12-10 Composite Pressure Vessels 965

References 966

Internet Sites 967

Problems 969

Computer Assignments 972

13 Connections 975

13-1 Objectives of This Chapter 980

13-2 Modes of Failure for Bolted Joints 980

13-3 Design of Bolted Connections 982

13-4 Riveted Joints 986

13-5 Eccentrically Loaded Riveted and Bolted Joints 988

13-6 Welded Joints with Concentric Loads 993

References 997

Internet Sites 997

Problems 1000

14 Thermal Effects and Elements of More than One Material 1005

14-1 Objectives of This Chapter 1007

14-2 Deformation due to Temperature Changes 1007

14-3 Thermal Stress 1013

14-4 Members Made of More than One Material 1017

Problems 1021

Appendix 1029

Index 1141

Preface

Objectives of the Book

Applied Strength of Materials, Fourth Edition, provides a comprehensive coverage of the important topics in strength of materials with an emphasis on applications, problem solving, and design of structural members, mechanical devices, and systems. The book is written for the student in a course called Strength of Materials, Mechanics of Materials, or Solid Mechanics in an engineering technology program at the baccalaureate or associate degree level, or in an applied engineering program.

It is the intent of this book to provide good readability for the student, appropriate coverage of the principles of strength of materials for the faculty member teaching the subject, and a problem solving and design approach that is useful for the practicing designer or engineer. Educational programs in the mechanical, civil, construction, and manufacturing fields should find the book to be suitable for an introductory course in strength of materials.

Style

There is a heavy emphasis on the applications of the principles of strength of materials to mechanical, structural, and construction problems while providing a firm foundation of understanding of those principles. At the same time, the limitations on the use of analysis techniques are emphasized to ensure that they are applied properly. Both analysis and design approaches are used in the book.

Units are a mixture of SI Metric and U.S. Customary units, in keeping with the dual usage evident in U.S. industry and construction.

Prerequisites

Students are expected to be able to apply the principles of statics prior to using this book. For review, there is a summaryof the main techniques of the analysis of forces and momentum in the Appendix. Several example problems are included that are similar to the statics needed in practice problems in this book.

While not essential, it is recommended that students have completed an introductory course in calculus prior to studying this course. As called for by accrediting agencies, calculus is used to develop the key principles and formulas used in this book. The application of the formulas and most problem solving and design techniques can be accomplished without the use of calculus.

Features of the Book

The Big Picture. Students should see the relevance of the material they study. They should be able to visualize where devices and systems that they are familiar with depend on the principles of strength of materials. For this reason each chapter starts with a section called The Big Picture. Here the basic concepts to be developed in the chapter are identified and students are asked to think about examples from their own experience where these concepts are used. Sometimes they are asked to explore new things on their own to discover how a product works or how it can fail. They are coached to make observations about the behavior of common mechanical devices, vehicles, industrial machinery, consumer products, and structures. Educational philosophy indicates that students learn better and retain more when such methods are employed.

Problem-Solving Techniques. Students must also be able to solve real problems, complete the necessary calculations, manipulate units in equations, seek appropriate data, and make good design decisions. The example problems in this book are designed to help students master these processes. In addition, students must learn to communicate the results of their work to others in the field. One important means of communication is the presentation of the problem solutions in an orderly, well-documented manner using established methods. Example problems are set off with a distinctive graphic design and type font. Readers are guided in the process of formulating an approach to problem solving that includes:

a) Statement of the objective of the problem
b) Summary of the given information
c) Definition of the analysis technique to be used
d) Detailed development of the results with all of the equations used and unit manipulations
e) At times, comments on the solution to remind the reader of the important concepts involved and to judge the appropriateness of the solution.
f) At times, the comments present alternate approaches or improvements to the machine element or structural member being analyzed or designed.
The reader's thought process is carried beyond the requested answer into a critical review of the result. With this process, designers gain good habits of organization when solving their own problems.

Design Approaches. There is much more information about guidelines for design of mechanical devices and structural members than in most books on this subject. The design approaches are based on another book of mine, Machine Elements in Mechanical Design, Third Edition, 1999, from Prentice Hall. Learning about design in addition to analysis increases the usefulness of the book to students and professional users. There are some students who will not go on to a following course that emphasizes design. They should get some introduction to the principles of design in the introductory course in strength of materials. For those who do proceed to a design course, they should enter that course with a higher level of capability.

Extensive Appendix. To complement the use of design approaches, the Appendix provides a large amount of information on material properties, geometry of common areas and commercially available structural shapes, stress concentration factors, formulas for beam deflection, conversion factors, and many others. This allows for a wider variety of problems in the book and for creating tests and projects. It adds to the realism of the book and gives the student practice in looking for the necessary information to solve a problem or to complete a design.

Design Properties of Materials. Chapter 2 includes much information and discussion on the selection and proper application of engineering materials of many types, both metallic and nonmetallic. There is an extensive introduction to the nature of composite materials given along with commentary throughout the book on the application of composites to various kinds of load-carrying members. Readers are given information about the advantages of composites relative to traditional structural materials such as metals, wood, concrete, and plastics. The reader is encouraged to seek more education and experience to learn the unique analysis and design techniques required for the proper application of composite materials. Such materials are, in fact, tailored to a specific application and general tables of material properties are not readily available.

End-of-Chapter Problems. There is an extensive set of problems for student practice at the end of each chapter. They are typically organized around the main topics in the chapter. In general, they are presented in a graded manner with simpler problems followed by more comprehensive problems. With this edition, there are many additional problems at the end of each chapter for practice, review, and design.

Electronic Aids to Problem Solving and Design

Most chapters include computer assignments along with suggestions for the use of spreadsheets, computer programs, computer algebra software, and graphing calculators pertinent to strength of materials. Such electronic aids, when used to supplement the basic understanding of the principles presented in the book, lead to a deeper appreciation of those principles and their application to more problems and more complex problems. Examples of spreadsheets are given in the chapters on column analysis and pressure vessels.

Acknowledgments

I appreciate the feedback provided by both students and instructors who have used the earlier editions of this book. I am also grateful to my colleagues at the University of Dayton. I would like to thank S. David Dvorak, University of Maine, and Robert J. Michael, Penn State (Erie), who reviewed the book and offered helpful suggestions for improvements. I hope this edition has implemented those suggestions in a manner consistent with the overall approach of the book.

Robert L. Mott
University of Dayton

Editorial Reviews

Explains the principles of strength of materials, emphasizing applications in mechanical, manufacturing, civil, and construction engineering, for students in engineering technology programs with prior knowledge of statics. Contains problems and answers, and extended worked examples with objectives, summaries, definition of the analysis technique used, and comments on the solution. This third edition offers expanded coverage of advanced composites, discussion of electronic problem-solving aids, and realistic data sets. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Booknews

This text covers key topics in strength of materials, focusing on applications, problem solving, and design of structural members, mechanical devices, and systems. Features of the text include an extensive introduction to composite materials along with commentary throughout on the application of composites to various kinds of load- carrying members, guidelines for the design of mechanical devices and structural members, and computer programming assignments with recommended uses for spreadsheets, MATLAB, and graphing calculators. This fourth edition contains a new appendix on statics, and a new chapter-opening section on the context in which the principles discussed in the chapter are used in real-world practice. Mott is affiliated with the University of Dayton. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)