Arduino Cookbook

Preface; Who This Book Is For; How This Book Is Organized; What Was Left Out; Code Style (About the Code); Arduino Platform Release Notes; Conventions Used in This Book; Using Code Examples; Safari® Books Online; How to Contact Us; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1: Getting Started; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Installing the Integrated Development Environment (IDE); 1.3 Setting Up the Arduino Board; 1.4 Using the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to Prepare an Arduino Sketch; 1.5 Uploading and Running the Blink Sketch; 1.6 Creating and Saving a Sketch; 1.7 Using Arduino; Chapter 2: Making the Sketch Do Your Bidding; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Structuring an Arduino Program; 2.3 Using Simple Primitive Types (Variables); 2.4 Using Floating-Point Numbers; 2.5 Working with Groups of Values; 2.6 Using Arduino String Functionality; 2.7 Using C Character Strings; 2.8 Splitting Comma-Separated Text into Groups; 2.9 Converting a Number to a String; 2.10 Converting a String to a Number; 2.11 Structuring Your Code into Functional Blocks; 2.12 Returning More Than One Value from a Function; 2.13 Taking Actions Based on Conditions; 2.14 Repeating a Sequence of Statements; 2.15 Repeating Statements with a Counter; 2.16 Breaking Out of Loops; 2.17 Taking a Variety of Actions Based on a Single Variable; 2.18 Comparing Character and Numeric Values; 2.19 Comparing Strings; 2.20 Performing Logical Comparisons; 2.21 Performing Bitwise Operations; 2.22 Combining Operations and Assignment; Chapter 3: Using Mathematical Operators; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing; 3.3 Incrementing and Decrementing Values; 3.4 Finding the Remainder After Dividing Two Values; 3.5 Determining the Absolute Value; 3.6 Constraining a Number to a Range of Values; 3.7 Finding the Minimum or Maximum of Some Values; 3.8 Raising a Number to a Power; 3.9 Taking the Square Root; 3.10 Rounding Floating-Point Numbers Up and Down; 3.11 Using Trigonometric Functions; 3.12 Generating Random Numbers; 3.13 Setting and Reading Bits; 3.14 Shifting Bits; 3.15 Extracting High and Low Bytes in an int or long; 3.16 Forming an int or long from High and Low Bytes; Chapter 4: Serial Communications; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Sending Debug Information from Arduino to Your Computer; 4.3 Sending Formatted Text and Numeric Data from Arduino; 4.4 Receiving Serial Data in Arduino; 4.5 Sending Multiple Text Fields from Arduino in a Single Message; 4.6 Receiving Multiple Text Fields in a Single Message in Arduino; 4.7 Sending Binary Data from Arduino; 4.8 Receiving Binary Data from Arduino on a Computer; 4.9 Sending Binary Values from Processing to Arduino; 4.10 Sending the Value of Multiple Arduino Pins; 4.11 How to Move the Mouse Cursor on a PC or Mac; 4.12 Controlling Google Earth Using Arduino; 4.13 Logging Arduino Data to a File on Your Computer; 4.14 Sending Data to Two Serial Devices at the Same Time; 4.15 Receiving Serial Data from Two Devices at the Same Time; 4.16 Setting Up Processing on Your Computer to Send and Receive Serial Data; Chapter 5: Simple Digital and Analog Input; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Using a Switch; 5.3 Using a Switch Without External Resistors; 5.4 Reliably Detecting the Closing of a Switch; 5.5 Determining How Long a Switch Is Pressed; 5.6 Reading a Keypad; 5.7 Reading Analog Values; 5.8 Changing the Range of Values; 5.9 Reading More Than Six Analog Inputs; 5.10 Displaying Voltages Up to 5V; 5.11 Responding to Changes in Voltage; 5.12 Measuring Voltages More Than 5V (Voltage Dividers); Chapter 6: Getting Input from Sensors; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Detecting Movement; 6.3 Detecting Light; 6.4 Detecting Motion (Integrating Passive Infrared Detectors); 6.5 Measuring Distance; 6.6 Measuring Distance Accurately; 6.7 Detecting Vibration; 6.8 Detecting Sound; 6.9 Measuring Temperature; 6.10 Reading RFID Tags; 6.11 Tracking the Movement of a Dial; 6.12 Tracking the Movement of More Than One Rotary Encoder; 6.13 Tracking the Movement of a Dial in a Busy Sketch; 6.14 Using a Mouse; 6.15 Getting Location from a GPS; 6.16 Detecting Rotation Using a Gyroscope; 6.17 Detecting Direction; 6.18 Getting Input from a Game Control Pad (PlayStation); 6.19 Reading Acceleration; Chapter 7: Visual Output; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Connecting and Using LEDs; 7.3 Adjusting the Brightness of an LED; 7.4 Driving High-Power LEDs; 7.5 Adjusting the Color of an LED; 7.6 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Creating a Bar Graph; 7.7 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Making a Chase Sequence (Knight Rider); 7.8 Controlling an LED Matrix Using Multiplexing; 7.9 Displaying Images on an LED Matrix; 7.10 Controlling a Matrix of LEDs: Charlieplexing; 7.11 Driving a 7-Segment LED Display; 7.12 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays: Multiplexing; 7.13 Driving Multidigit,,,,,, 7-Segment LED Displays Using MAX7221 Shift Registers; 7.14 Controlling an Array of LEDs by Using MAX72xx Shift Registers; 7.15 Increasing the Number of Analog Outputs Using PWM Extender Chips (TLC5940); 7.16 Using an Analog Panel Meter As a Display; Chapter 8: Physical Output; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Controlling the Position of a Servo; 8.3 Controlling One or Two Servos with a Potentiometer or Sensor; 8.4 Controlling the Speed of Continuous Rotation Servos; 8.5 Controlling Servos from the Serial Port; 8.6 Driving a Brushless Motor (Using a Hobby Speed Controller); 8.7 Controlling Solenoids and Relays; 8.8 Making an Object Vibrate; 8.9 Driving a Brushed Motor Using a Transistor; 8.10 Controlling the Direction of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge; 8.11 Controlling the Direction and Speed of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge; 8.12 Using Sensors to Control the Direction and Speed of Brushed Motors (L293 H-Bridge); 8.13 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor; 8.14 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor (Using the EasyDriver Board); 8.15 Driving a Unipolar Stepper Motor (ULN2003A); Chapter 9: Audio Output; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Playing Tones; 9.3 Playing a Simple Melody; 9.4 Generating More Than One Simultaneous Tone; 9.5 Generating Audio Tones and Fading an LED; 9.6 Playing a WAV File; 9.7 Controlling MIDI; 9.8 Making an Audio Synthesizer; Chapter 10: Remotely Controlling External Devices; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Responding to an Infrared Remote Control; 10.3 Decoding Infrared Remote Control Signals; 10.4 Imitating Remote Control Signals; 10.5 Controlling a Digital Camera; 10.6 Controlling AC Devices by Hacking a Remote Controlled Switch; Chapter 11: Using Displays; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Connecting and Using a Text LCD Display; 11.3 Formatting Text; 11.4 Turning the Cursor and Display On or Off; 11.5 Scrolling Text; 11.6 Displaying Special Symbols; 11.7 Creating Custom Characters; 11.8 Displaying Symbols Larger Than a Single Character; 11.9 Displaying Pixels Smaller Than a Single Character; 11.10 Connecting and Using a Graphical LCD Display; 11.11 Creating Bitmaps for Use with a Graphical Display; 11.12 Displaying Text on a TV; Chapter 12: Using Time and Dates; 12.1 Introduction; 12.2 Creating Delays; 12.3 Using millis to Determine Duration; 12.4 More Precisely Measuring the Duration of a Pulse; 12.5 Using Arduino As a Clock; 12.6 Creating an Alarm to Periodically Call a Function; 12.7 Using a Real-Time Clock; Chapter 13: Communicating Using I2C and SPI; 13.1 Introduction; 13.2 Controlling an RGB LED Using the BlinkM Module; 13.3 Using the Wii Nunchuck Accelerometer; 13.4 Interfacing to an External Real-Time Clock; 13.5 Adding External EEPROM Memory; 13.6 Reading Temperature with a Digital Thermometer; 13.7 Driving Four 7-Segment LEDs Using Only Two Wires; 13.8 Integrating an I2C Port Expander; 13.9 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment Displays Using SPI; 13.10 Communicating Between Two or More Arduino Boards; Chapter 14: Wireless Communication; 14.1 Introduction; 14.2 Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Wireless Modules; 14.3 Connecting Arduino to a ZigBee or 802.15.4 Network; 14.4 Sending a Message to a Particular XBee; 14.5 Sending Sensor Data Between XBees; 14.6 Activating an Actuator Connected to an XBee; Chapter 15: Ethernet and Networking; 15.1 Introduction; 15.2 Setting Up the Ethernet Shield; 15.3 Obtaining Your IP Address Automatically; 15.4 Resolving Hostnames to IP Addresses (DNS); 15.5 Requesting Data from a Web Server; 15.6 Requesting Data from a Web Server Using XML; 15.7 Setting Up an Arduino to Be a Web Server; 15.8 Handling Incoming Web Requests; 15.9 Handling Incoming Requests for Specific Pages; 15.10 Using HTML to Format Web Server Responses; 15.11 Serving Web Pages Using Forms (POST); 15.12 Serving Web Pages Containing Large Amounts of Data; 15.13 Sending Twitter Messages; 15.14 Sending and Receiving Simple Messages (UDP); 15.15 Getting the Time from an Internet Time Server; 15.16 Monitoring Pachube Feeds; 15.17 Sending Information to Pachube; Chapter 16: Using, Modifying, and Creating Libraries; 16.1 Introduction; 16.2 Using the Built-in Libraries; 16.3 Installing Third-Party Libraries; 16.4 Modifying a Library; 16.5 Creating Your Own Library; 16.6 Creating a Library That Uses Other Libraries; Chapter 17: Advanced Coding and Memory Handling; 17.1 Introduction; 17.2 Understanding the Arduino Build Process; 17.3 Determining the Amount of Free and Used RAM; 17.4 Storing and Retrieving Numeric Values in Program Memory; 17.5 Storing and Retrieving Strings in Program Memory; 17.6 Using #define and const Instead of Integers; 17.7 Using Conditional Compilations; Chapter 18: Using the Controller Chip Hardware; 18.1 Introduction; 18.2 Storing Data in Permanent EEPROM Memory; 18.3 Using Hardware Interrupts; 18.4 Setting Timer Duration; 18.5 Setting Timer Pulse Width and Duration; 18.6 Creating a Pulse Generator; 18.7 Changing a Timer’s PWM Frequency; 18.8 Counting Pulses; 18.9 Measuring Pulses More Accurately; 18.10 Measuring Analog Values Quickly; 18.11 Reducing Battery Drain; 18.12 Setting Digital Pins Quickly; Electronic Components; Capacitor; Diode; Integrated Circuit; Keypad; LED; Motor (DC); Optocoupler; Photocell (Photoresistor); Piezo; Pot (Potentiometer); Relay; Resistor; Solenoid; Speaker; Stepper Motor; Switch; Transistor; See Also; Using Schematic Diagrams and Data Sheets; How to Read a Data Sheet; Choosing and Using Transistors for Switching; Building and Connecting the Circuit; Using a Breadboard; Connecting and Using External Power Supplies and Batteries; Using Capacitors for Decoupling; Using Snubber Diodes with Inductive Loads; Working with AC Line Voltages; Tips on Troubleshooting Software Problems; Code That Won’t Compile; Code That Compiles but Does Not Work As Expected; Troubleshooting Interrelated Hardware/Software Problems; Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems; Still Stuck?; Digital and Analog Pins; ASCII and Extended Character Sets; Colophon;

Michael Margolis is a technologist in the field of real time computing with expertise in developing and delivering hardware and software for interacting with the environment. He has over 30 years of experience in a wide range of relevant technologies, working with Sony, Microsoft, Lucent/Bell Labs, and most recently as Chief Technical Officer with Avaya.