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From Chechnya to Bosnia, from the Kurds to the Palestinians, demands for separatism are fueling bitter and bloody conflicts. Yet, as this innovative study demonstrates, disputes between central governments and independence-minded minorities need not always escalate into violence and secession. Autonomy, by virtue of its essential adaptability, can offer a workable and peaceful compromise.
Ruth Lapidoth first dissects the concept of autonomy, exploring its origins, examining the roles it can play, and distinguishing among its types. With scrupulous objectivity, she then presents more than a dozen richly documented case studies of autonomy in action. Drawn from four continents and detailing failures as well as successes, these studies underline autonomy’s variety and versatility. Lapidoth’s pragmatic approach and impeccable scholarship frame the issues and lay out the factors likely to foster successful outcomes.
| Foreword | ||
| Acknowledgments | ||
| Introduction | 3 | |
| 1 | Easing Ethnic Tensions | 9 |
| Minority Rights | 10 | |
| Rights of Indigenous Populations (or Peoples) | 16 | |
| Right of Peoples to Self-Determination | 19 | |
| 2 | Other Reasons for Establishing Autonomy | 25 |
| 3 | The Concept of Autonomy | 29 |
| Opinions of Experts | 30 | |
| An Eclectic Description of Autonomy | 33 | |
| 4 | Territorial Autonomy and Personal (or Cultural) Autonomy | 37 |
| 5 | Autonomy and Sovereignty | 41 |
| 6 | Territorial Autonomy and Other Arrangements for Diffusion of Power | 49 |
| Federalism | 50 | |
| Decentralization | 51 | |
| Self-Government | 52 | |
| Associate Statehood | 54 | |
| Self-Administration | 55 | |
| 7 | Some Earlier Cases | 61 |
| A | The Traditional Ministates in Europe | 61 |
| B | United Kingdom Crown Dependencies | 64 |
| C | Cases of Autonomy in the Nineteenth Century | 66 |
| 8 | Autonomies Established after World War I | 69 |
| A | The Aland Islands | 70 |
| B | The Memel-Klaipeda Territory | 77 |
| C | Autonomy in the Soviet Union | 85 |
| D | Personal Autonomies in Eastern Europe | 93 |
| 9 | Autonomies Established after World War II | 99 |
| A | South Tyrol/Alto Adige | 100 |
| B | The Faroe Islands | 112 |
| C | West Berlin until the Reunification of Germany | 115 |
| D | Eritrea | 124 |
| E | Puerto Rico | 130 |
| F | Greenland/Kalaallit Nunaat | 143 |
| G | The Palestinians (the West Bank and Gaza Strip) | 152 |
| 10 | The Quest for Autonomy | 171 |
| 11 | Establishing an Autonomous Regime: Issues to Consider | 179 |
| 12 | Factors That May Increase the Prospects for Success | 199 |
| 13 | Autonomy: An Appraisal of the Pros and Cons | 203 |
| Notes | 207 | |
| Index | 277 |
Overview
From Chechnya to Bosnia, from the Kurds to the Palestinians, demands for separatism are fueling bitter and bloody conflicts. Yet, as this innovative study demonstrates, disputes between central governments and independence-minded minorities need not always escalate into violence and secession. Autonomy, by virtue of its essential adaptability, can offer a workable and peaceful compromise.
Ruth Lapidoth first dissects the concept of autonomy, exploring its origins, examining the ...