Table of Contents
Preface xii
Contributors xv
Unit I Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice 1
1 A History of Health Care and Nursing Karen Saucier Lundy Kathleen Masters 3
Classical Era 3
Middle Ages 7
The Renaissance 8
The Dark Period of Nursing 9
The Industrial Revolution 11
And Then There Was Nightingale … 13
Continued Development of Professional Nursing in the United Kingdom 23
The Development of Professional Nursing in Canada 24
The Development of Professional Nursing in Australia 26
Early Nursing Education and Organization in the United States 28
The Evolution of Nursing in the United States: The First Century of Professional Nursing 30
The New Century 42
International Council of Nurses 44
Conclusion 45
References 47
2 Framworks for Professional Nursing Practice Kathleen Masters 53
Overview of Selected Nursing Theories 55
Overview of Selected Nonnursing Theories 88
Relationship of Theory to Professional Nursing Practice 90
Conclusion 91
References 93
3 Philosophy of Nursing Mary W. Stewart 101
Philosophy 102
Early Philosophy 103
Paradigms 107
Beliefs 108
Values 110
Developing a Personal Philosophy of Nursing 115
Conclusion 117
References 119
4 A Competencies for Professional Nursing Practice Jill Rushing Kathleen Masters 121
Overview 121
Nurse of the Future: Nursing Core Competencies 122
Critical Thinking, Clinical Judgment, and Clinical Reasoning in Nursing Practice 126
Conclusion 143
References 145
5 Education and Socialization to the Professional Nursing Role Kathleen Masters Gilmore Melanie 147
Professional Nursing Roles and Values 148
The Socialization (or Formation) Process 150
Facilitating the Transition to Professional Practice 155
Conclusion 158
References 159
6 Advancing and Managing Your Professional Nursing Career Mary Louise Coyne Cynthia Chatham 161
Nursing: A Job or a Career? 161
Trends That Affect Nursing Career Decisions 163
Showcasing Your Professional Self 166
Mentoring 169
Education and Lifelong Learning 170
Professional Engagement 174
Expectations for Your Performance 175
Taking Care of Self 176
Conclusion 178
References 178
7 Social Context and the future of Professional Nursing Mary W. Stewart Katherine E. Ragent Kathleen Masters 181
Nursing's Social Contract with Society 182
Public Image of Nursing 182
The Gender Gap 187
Changing Demographics and Cultural Competence 190
Access to Health Cate 192
Societal Trends 194
Trends in Nursing 200
Conclusion 210
References 210
Unit II Professional Nursing Practice and The Management of Patient Care 217
8 Safety and Quality Improvement in Professional Nursing Practice Kathleen Masters 219
Patient Safety 219
Quality Improvement in Health Care 229
Quality Improvement Measurement and Process 232
The Role of the Nurse in Quality Improvement 242
Conclusion 244
References 246
9 Evidence-Based Professional Nursing Practice Kathleen Masters 249
Evidence-Based Practice: What Is It? 249
Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice 251
Promoting Evidence-Based Practice 252
Searching for Evidence 253
Evaluating the Evidence 256
Implementation Models for Evidence-Based Practice 260
Conclusion 263
References 264
10 Patient Education and Patient-Centered Care in Professional Nursing Practice Kathleen Masters 267
Dimensions, of Patient-Centered Care 268
Communication as a Strategy to Support Patient-Centered Care 272
Patient Education as a Strategy to Support Patient-Centered Care 274
Evaluation of Patient-Centered Care 290
Conclusion 291
References 293
11 Informatics in Professional Nursing Practice Kathleen Masters Cathy K. Hughes 297
Informatics: What Is It? 297
The Effect of Legislation on Health Informatics 298
Nursing Informatics Competencies 300
Basic Computer Competencies 304
Information Literacy 307
Information Management 311
Current and Future Trends 317
Conclusion 318
References 319
12 Leadership and Systems-Based Professional Nursing Practice Kathleen Masters Sharon Vincent 323
Healthcare Delivery System 324
Nursing Leadership in a Complex Healthcare System 326
Nursing Models of Patient Care 330
Roles of the Professional Nurse 335
Conclusion 338
References 339
13 Teamwork, Collaboration, and Communication in Professional Nursing Practice Kathleen Masters 341
Interprofessional Teams and Healthcare Quality and Safety 341
Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Domains 345
Interprofessional Team Performance and Communication 346
Conclusion 352
References 353
14 Ethics in Professional Nursing Practice Janie B. Butts Karen L.Rich 355
Ethics 356
Ethical Theories and Approaches 360
Professional Ethics and Codes 364
Ethical Analysis and Decision Making in Nursing 367
Relationships in Professional Practice 374
Moral Rights and Autonomy 379
Social Justice 381
Death and End-of-Life Care 386
Conclusion 397
References 399
15 Law and Professional Nursing Practice Kathleen Driscoll Kathleen Masters 405
The Sources of Law 406
Classification and Enforcement of the Law 408
Nursing Scope and Standards 411
Malpractice and Negligence 414
Nursing Licensure 418
Professional Accountability 425
Conclusion 433
References 435
Appendix A Provisions of Code of Ethics for Nurses 437
Appendix B The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses 438
Glossary 440
Index 458
