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| 1 | The Basic Principles of Micronutrition | |
| The Role of Micronutrients in Prevention and Therapy | 2 | |
| Mechanism of Action | 3 | |
| Variability in Micronutrient Requirements among Individuals | 5 | |
| Safety | 6 | |
| 2 | Micronutrients in Foods | |
| Micronutrients in the Diets of Industrialized Countries | 10 | |
| The Difference between the Diet of Our Distant Ancestors and Our Diet Today | 12 | |
| Food Sources of Micronutrients | 13 | |
| Vegetables and Fruits | 13 | |
| Meat (Beef, Pork, Lamb, and Poultry) | 14 | |
| Eggs | 14 | |
| Milk and Milk Products | 14 | |
| Fish | 15 | |
| Cereals, Bread, Wheat Bran, and Wheat Germ | 15 | |
| Salt | 17 | |
| Vegetarian Diets | 18 | |
| 3 | The Micronutrients | |
| Vitamins | 22 | |
| Vitamin A and Carotenoids | 22 | |
| Vitamin D | 26 | |
| Vitamin E | 29 | |
| Vitamin K | 33 | |
| Thiamin (Vitamin B1) | 34 | |
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) | 37 | |
| Niacin (Vitamin B3) | 38 | |
| Vitamin B6 | 41 | |
| Folic Acid | 45 | |
| Vitamin B12 | 47 | |
| Pantothenic Acid | 50 | |
| Biotin | 52 | |
| Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) | 53 | |
| Minerals and Trace Elements | 58 | |
| Calcium | 58 | |
| Magnesium | 61 | |
| Potassium | 63 | |
| Iron | 65 | |
| Zinc | 69 | |
| Copper | 75 | |
| Molybdenum | 77 | |
| Chromium | 79 | |
| Iodine | 82 | |
| Selenium | 84 | |
| Fluoride | 87 | |
| Fats and Fat-Related Compounds | 89 | |
| Essential Fatty Acids: Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids | 89 | |
| Choline and Lecithin | 95 | |
| Amino Acids | 97 | |
| Branched-Chain Amino Acids: Leucine, Isoleucine, and Valine | 97 | |
| Arginine | 99 | |
| Lysine | 100 | |
| Glutamine | 101 | |
| Methionine | 103 | |
| Cysteine and Glutathione | 105 | |
| Phenylalanine and Tyrosine | 107 | |
| Tryptophan | 109 | |
| Taurine | 111 | |
| Carnitine | 113 | |
| Antioxidants and Free Radicals | 115 | |
| Free Radicals | 115 | |
| Antioxidants | 116 | |
| Coenzyme Q10 | 119 | |
| 4 | Micronutrition through the Life Cycle | |
| Planning a Pregnancy | 122 | |
| Nutrition and Birth Defects | 123 | |
| Prepregnancy Weight | 123 | |
| Pregnancy | 124 | |
| Oral Contraception before Pregnancy | 124 | |
| Role of the Placenta | 124 | |
| Fetal Growth | 125 | |
| Nutritional Needs during Pregnancy | 125 | |
| Micronutrient Deficiency and Its Effect on Pregnancy | 127 | |
| Dietary and Environmental Hazards during Pregnancy | 128 | |
| Maternal Health Problems during Pregnancy | 130 | |
| Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation during Pregnancy | 131 | |
| Summary | 132 | |
| Breastfeeding and Infancy | 134 | |
| Composition of Breast Milk | 134 | |
| Nutritional Needs during Breastfeeding | 134 | |
| Postpartum Depression | 136 | |
| Dietary Hazards: Caffeine and Alcohol | 137 | |
| Breastfeeding and Infant Health | 137 | |
| Nutrients of Special Importance for Infants | 138 | |
| Childhood and Adolescence | 141 | |
| Nutritional Needs | 141 | |
| Nutrition and Child Health | 145 | |
| Summary | 147 | |
| Aging and Longevity | 148 | |
| Aging | 148 | |
| Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Longevity | 148 | |
| Physical Changes of Aging and Their Impact on Nutritional Health | 151 | |
| Drugs and Nutritional Health | 153 | |
| Micronutrient Supplementation for Older Adults | 154 | |
| 5 | Micronutrients as Prevention and Therapy | |
| Skin Care | 158 | |
| Introduction: Healthy Skin | 158 | |
| Dry Skin | 158 | |
| Aging Skin: Wrinkles and Age Spots | 159 | |
| Acne | 159 | |
| Psoriasis | 160 | |
| Eczema | 162 | |
| Eye and Ear Care | 163 | |
| Healthy Eyes | 163 | |
| Conjunctivitis and Styes | 163 | |
| Cataracts | 164 | |
| Glaucoma | 165 | |
| Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media) | 165 | |
| Oral Health | 166 | |
| Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease | 166 | |
| Dental Caries | 167 | |
| Canker Sores (Oral Aphthae) | 168 | |
| Digestive Disorders | 169 | |
| Constipation and Diverticulitis | 169 | |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux (Heartburn) | 169 | |
| Peptic Ulcer | 170 | |
| Gallstones | 171 | |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease | 172 | |
| Obesity | 174 | |
| Cardiovascular Disease | 175 | |
| Introduction: Atherosclerosis | 175 | |
| Coronary Heart Disease | 176 | |
| Hypertension and Stroke | 179 | |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease (Intermittent Claudication) | 181 | |
| Disorders of Blood Sugar Regulation | 182 | |
| Diabetes | 182 | |
| Hypoglycemia | 184 | |
| Anemia | 187 | |
| Musculoskeletal Disorders | 188 | |
| Osteoarthritis | 188 | |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 189 | |
| Osteoporosis | 191 | |
| Muscle Cramps | 192 | |
| Infectious Diseases | 194 | |
| The Immune System | 194 | |
| Colds and Influenza | 196 | |
| Herpes Simplex Infection | 197 | |
| HIV Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | 198 | |
| Cancer | 200 | |
| Allergic Disorders | 203 | |
| Allergic Rhinitis | 203 | |
| Asthma | 203 | |
| Food Allergies and Sensitivities | 204 | |
| Insomnia | 206 | |
| Nervous System Disorders I | 207 | |
| Migraine | 207 | |
| Learning Disabilities | 209 | |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | 209 | |
| Hyperactivity | 210 | |
| Epilepsy | 211 | |
| Nervous System Disorders II | 213 | |
| Parkinson's Disease | 213 | |
| Multiple Sclerosis | 214 | |
| Memory and Concentration Loss | 215 | |
| Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease | 216 | |
| Psychiatric Disorders | 218 | |
| Anxiety and Nervous Tension | 218 | |
| Depression | 218 | |
| Women's Health | 220 | |
| Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) | 220 | |
| Fibrocystic Breast Disease | 221 | |
| Oral Contraceptives | 222 | |
| Cervical Dysplasia (Abnormal Pap Smear) | 223 | |
| Menopause | 223 | |
| Breast Cancer | 224 | |
| Urinary Tract Disorders | 226 | |
| Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) | 226 | |
| Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones) | 227 | |
| Stress and Fatigue | 229 | |
| Infertility | 231 | |
| Females | 231 | |
| Males | 232 | |
| Cigarette Smoking | 233 | |
| Heavy Alcohol Consumption | 235 | |
| Exposure to Heavy Metals | 237 | |
| Lead | 238 | |
| Aluminum | 238 | |
| Mercury | 238 | |
| Cadmium | 239 | |
| Minimizing Exposure to Toxic Metals | 239 | |
| Exercise and Sport | 241 | |
| Energy Sources: Carbohydrate and Fat | 241 | |
| Carbohydrate "Loading" | 242 | |
| The Pre-Event Meal | 243 | |
| Fluids | 243 | |
| Protein for Bodybuilding | 243 | |
| Vitamins and Minerals | 244 | |
| Appendix | ||
| Appendix I | Drug-Micronutrient Interactions | 248 |
| Appendix II | Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions | 253 |
| Appendix III | Laboratory Diagnosis of Micronutrient Status | 256 |
| Index | 263 |
Overview