Table of Contents
1 A LIBRARY OF FUNCTIONS
1.1 FUNCTIONS AND CHANGE
1.2 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
1.3 NEW FUNCTIONS FROM OLD
1.4 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
1.5 TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
1.6 POWERS, POLYNOMIALS, AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
1.7 INTRODUCTION TO CONTINUITY
1.8 LIMITS
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
2 KEY CONCEPT: THE DERIVATIVE
2.1 HOW DO WE MEASURE SPEED?
2.2 THE DERIVATIVE AT A POINT
2.3 THE DERIVATIVE FUNCTION
2.4 INTERPRETATIONS OF THE DERIVATIVE
2.5 THE SECOND DERIVATIVE
2.6 DIFFERENTIABILITY
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
3 SHORT-CUTS TO DIFFERENTIATION
3.1 POWERS AND POLYNOMIALS
3.2 THE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
3.3 THE PRODUCT AND QUOTIENT RULES
3.4 THE CHAIN RULE
3.5 THE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
3.6 THE CHAIN RULE AND INVERSE FUNCTIONS
3.7 IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS
3.8 HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS
3.9 LINEAR APPROXIMATION AND THE DERIVATIVE
3.10 THEOREMS ABOUT DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
4 USING THE DERIVATIVE
4.1 USING FIRST AND SECOND DERIVATIVES
4.2 OPTIMIZATION
4.3 OPTIMIZATION AND MODELING
4.4 FAMILIES OF FUNCTIONS AND MODELING
4.5 APPLICATIONS TO MARGINALITY
4.6 RATES AND RELATED RATES
4.7 L’HOPITAL’S RULE, GROWTH, AND DOMINANCE
4.8 PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
5 KEY CONCEPT: THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL
5.1 HOW DO WE MEASURE DISTANCE TRAVELED?
5.2 THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL
5.3 THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM AND INTERPRETATIONS
5.4 THEOREMS ABOUT DEFINITE INTEGRALS
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
6 CONSTRUCTING ANTIDERIVATIVES
6.1 ANTIDERIVATIVES GRAPHICALLY AND NUMERICALLY
6.2 CONSTRUCTING ANTIDERIVATIVES ANALYTICALLY
6.3 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND MOTION
6.4 SECOND FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
7 INTEGRATION
7.1 INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION
7.2 INTEGRATION BY PARTS
7.3 TABLES OF INTEGRALS
7.4 ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES AND TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS
7.5 NUMERICAL METHODS FOR DEFINITE INTEGRALS
7.6 IMPROPER INTEGRALS
7.7 COMPARISON OF IMPROPER INTEGRALS
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
8 USING THE DEFINITE INTEGRAL
8.1 AREAS AND VOLUMES
8.2 APPLICATIONS TO GEOMETRY
8.3 AREA AND ARC LENGTH IN POLAR COORDINATES
8.4 DENSITY AND CENTER OF MASS
8.5 APPLICATIONS TO PHYSICS
8.6 APPLICATIONS TO ECONOMICS
8.7 DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
8.8 PROBABILITY, MEAN, AND MEDIAN
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
9 SEQUENCES AND SERIES
9.1 SEQUENCES
9.2 GEOMETRIC SERIES
9.3 CONVERGENCE OF SERIES
9.4 TESTS FOR CONVERGENCE
9.5 POWER SERIES AND INTERVAL OF CONVERGENCE
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
10 APPROXIMATING FUNCTIONS USING SERIES
10.1 TAYLOR POLYNOMIALS
10.2 TAYLOR SERIES
10.3 FINDING AND USING TAYLOR SERIES
10.4 THE ERROR IN TAYLOR POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATIONS
10.5 FOURIER SERIES
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
11 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
11.1 WHAT IS A DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION?
11.2 SLOPE FIELDS
11.3 EULER’S METHOD
11.4 SEPARATION OF VARIABLES
11.5 GROWTH AND DECAY
11.6 APPLICATIONS AND MODELING
11.7 THE LOGISTIC MODEL
11.8 SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
11.9 ANALYZING THE PHASE PLANE
REVIEW PROBLEMS
PROJECTS
APPENDICES
A ROOTS, ACCURACY, AND BOUNDS
B COMPLEX NUMBERS
C NEWTON’S METHOD
D VECTORS IN THE PLANE
READY REFERENCE
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS
INDEX