Capital Moves: Rca's Seventy-Year Quest for Cheap Labor

Overview

Find a pool of cheap, pliable workers and give them jobs—and soon they cease to be as cheap or as pliable. What is an employer to do then? Why, find another poor community desperate for work. This route—one taken time and again by major American manufacturers—is vividly chronicled in this fascinating account of RCA's half century-long search for desirable sources of labor. Capital Moves introduces us to the people most affected by the migration of industry and, most importantly, recounts how they came to fight ...
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Overview

Find a pool of cheap, pliable workers and give them jobs—and soon they cease to be as cheap or as pliable. What is an employer to do then? Why, find another poor community desperate for work. This route—one taken time and again by major American manufacturers—is vividly chronicled in this fascinating account of RCA's half century-long search for desirable sources of labor. Capital Moves introduces us to the people most affected by the migration of industry and, most importantly, recounts how they came to fight against the idea that they were simply "cheap labor."Jefferson Cowie tells the dramatic story of four communities, each irrevocably transformed by the opening of an industrial plant. From the manufacturer's first factory in Camden, New Jersey, where it employed large numbers of southern and eastern European immigrants, RCA moved to rural Indiana in 1940, hiring Americans of Scotch-Irish descent for its plant in Bloomington. Then, in the volatile 1960s, the company relocated to Memphis where African Americans made up the core of the labor pool. Finally, the company landed in northern Mexico in the 1970s—a region rapidly becoming one of the most industrialized on the continent.
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Editorial Reviews

From the Publisher
"Cowie has provided an extended, detailed example. . . His book is a useful step toward a new interpretation of the history of mass production industry in the post-World War Two years."—Daniel Nelson, University of Akron. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, April 2001, Vol. 54, No. 3

"This is a very refreshing read, successfully melding the experiences of workers and bosses with wider structural forces. The research is meticulous . . . and scholars will benefit from the many archival sources Cowie has trawled to excellent effect. This book deserves to be read for many reasons, not least of which is that it really does put flesh on the often rather bare bones of the debates around the local effects of capitalist globalization."—Leslie Sklair, London School of Eonomics and Political Science. Labour/Le Travail

"Labor historian Jefferson Cowie's book, Capital Moves, makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the way 'capital mobility' is enacted on the ground. This important work is a social history in the 'subaltern' tradition."—Rebecca A. Johns, University of South Florida. The Professional Geographer, Vol. 53, No. 1, Feb. 2001

"After reading Cowie's thorough and even-handed treatment of highly complex issues, one is left with neither outright despair no giddy optimism. . . His intention is to make people aware of the historical forces that have shaped our lives, and how our lives in turn are embedded to these forces."—Tom McCourt, University of Illinois at Springfield. Journal of Communication, September 2001

"This is a thought-provoking and innovative piece of scholarship that deserves a wide audience."—Choice

"Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy-Year Quest for Cheap Labor is not the old familiar tale of deindustrialization as it exists in the popular imagination. . . Cowie insists upon resurrecting the agency of local communities and upon portraying how worker actions affected decisions taken by management, perhaps more than the other way around. Captial Moves is an historically and geographically comparative study of the impact of capital migration on working-class communities."—Joanna B. Swanger, Earlham College. Latin American Research Review, June 2003.

"Capital Moves is a stunningly important work of historical imagination and rediscovery which links the present with the past in a fashion that is exciting and suggestive. Jefferson Cowie has written no 'contribution to the literature,' but instead has reconfigured a huge slice of recent business and labor history. His is one of the most provocative and useful books I have read in many years."—Nelson Lichtenstein, University of Virginia

"A conceptually rich and deeply humane book. Jefferson Cowie narrates how industrial workers in two nations and four different communities coped with one company's relentless search for cheap and pliable labor. He is a rare historian who illuminates the future by explaining a vital part of the past."—Michael Kazin, author of The Populist Persuasion: An American History

"Jefferson Cowie's important book mobilizes labor history, social history, and gender analysis to challenge conventional conceptions of globalization and transnational capital migration. He traces RCA's factory relocations from the 1930s to the present, both within the United States and into Mexico, exposing the long-standing dynamic of industrial relocation as a response to working-class struggles, and showing how relocation in turn leads inexorably to labor and community resistance in each new locality. This insightful book deserves attention from anyone interested in cross-border organizing.—Ruth Milkman, University of California, Los Angeles

"Jefferson Cowie takes us on a remarkable tour of four communities transformed by industrial capitalism. This powerful, original book recasts our understanding of capitalism, labor, gender, and geography. It is a sobering reflection on the possibilities and limits of community in an era of transregional and transnational economic power. Capital Moves is must reading for those who want to understand the forces that have reshaped the American and global economies over the last half century." —Thomas J. Sugrue, University of Pennsylvania

Michael Kazin
A conceptually rich and deeply humane book.
Nelson Lichtenstein
[A] stunningly important work of historical imagination and rediscovery that links the present with the past...exciting and suggestive.
Thomas J. Sugrue
[M]ust reading for those who want to understand the forces that have reshaped the American and global economies...
Library Journal
Cowie (industrial and labor relations, Cornell Univ.) highlights the power of financial capital in his examination of four RCA factory sites: Camden, NJ; Bloomington, IN; Memphis, TN; and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. RCA moved production from one site to the next in search of cheap, compliant, and usually female labor; as workers developed a sense of entitlement to their jobs and demanded better conditions, the company saw them as less desirable and looked for less-sophisticated substitute workers. Cowie outlines the history of labor relations at each site along with the surrounding political conditions. He also takes a wider look at labor organization and its ties to politics, noting that while capital became international, labor organization remained local, giving workers less power. In describing one company in depth, Cowie provides valuable insight into the increasingly global work force. Recommended for academic and larger public libraries.--A.J. Sobczak, Covina, CA
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Product Details

  • ISBN-13: 9780801435256
  • Publisher: Cornell University Press
  • Publication date: 4/28/1999
  • Pages: 288
  • Product dimensions: 6.34 (w) x 9.24 (h) x 1.03 (d)

Table of Contents

Abbreviations
Introduction 1
1 In Defiance of Their Master's Voice: Camden, 1929-1950 12
2 "Anything but an Industrial Town": Bloomington, 1940-1968 41
3 Bordering on the Sun Belt: Memphis, 1965-1971 73
4 The New Industrial Frontier: Ciudad Juarez, 1964-1978 100
5 Moving toward a Shutdown: Bloomington, 1969-1998 127
6 The Double Struggle: Ciudad Juarez, 1978-1998 152
7 The Distances In Between 180
Notes 203
Bibliography 243
Acknowledgments 263
Index 267
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