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More About This Textbook
Overview
The book covers the fundamentals of the biogeochemical behavior of carbon near the Earth’s surface. It is mainly a reference text for Earth and environmental scientists. It presents an overview of the origins and behavior of the carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide, and the human effects on them. The book can also be used for a one-semester course at an intermediate to advanced level addressing the behavior of the carbon and related cycles.
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Brief Overview of Carbon on Earth
1. An unusual look at Earth’s shells
2. Global carbon cycle
3. Fundamental equation of a cycle and carbon flows
4. Carbon in Fossil Fuels
5. Feedbacks in the carbon cycle
Chapter 2: Earth’s Volatile Beginnings
1. The Major Volatiles
2. Primordial Atmosphere-Ocean System
3. Carbon Dioxide
4. Summary and Speculations
5. An Early Biosphere
Chapter 3: Heat Balance of the Atmosphere and Carbon Dioxide
1. Heat Sources at the Earth’s Surface
2. Solar Heating and Radiation Balance
3. Greenhouse Effect
4. Temperature of a Prebiotic Atmosphere
5. CO2 and Climate Change
Chapter 4: Mineralogy, Chemistry, and Reaction Kinetics of the Major Carbonate Phases
1. Carbonate Minerals
2. Calcites
3. Dolomite
4. Aragonite
5. Carbonate Dissolution and Precipitation Kinetics
6. Carbonate Precipitation and Dissolution in Marine Ecosystems
7. Some Geological Considerations
Chapter 5: Carbon Dioxide in Natural Waters
1. Dissolution and Dissociation of CO2 in Water
2. CO2 Transfer from Atmosphere to Water
3. Calcite and Aragonite in Natural Waters
4. Degree of Saturation With Respect to Carbonate Minerals
5. CO2 Phases: Gas, Liquid, Hydrate, Ice
6. Air-Sea CO2 Exchange due to Carbonate and Organic Carbon Formation
Chapter 6: Isotopic Fractionation of Carbon: Inorganic and Biological Processes
1. Isotopic species and their abundance
2. Isotopic concentration units and mixing
3. Fractionation in inorganic systems
4. Photosynthesis and plant physiological responses to CO2
5. Biological fractionation and 13C cycle
6. Long-term trends
Chapter 7: Sedimentary Rock Record and Oceanic and Atmospheric Carbon
1. Geologic Time Scale and Sedimentary Record
2. The Beginnings of Sedimentary Cycling
3. Broad Patterns of Sediment Lithologies
4. Differential Cycling of the Sedimentary Mass and Carbonates
5. Sedimentary Carbonate System
6. Evaporites and Fluid Inclusions
7. Isotopic Trends
8. Summary of the Phanerozoic Rock Record in Terms of Ocean Composition
Chapter 8: Weathering and Consumption of CO2
1. Weathering Source: Sedimentary and Crystalline Lithosphere
2. Dissolution at the Earth’s Surface
3. Mineral-CO2 Reactions in Weathering
4. CO2 Consumption from Mineral-Precipitation Model
5. CO2 Consumption from Mineral-Dissolution Model
6. Environmental Acid Forcing
Chapter 9: Carbon in the Oceanic Coastal Margin
1. The Global Coastal Zone
2. Carbon Cycle in the Coastal Ocean
3. Inorganic and Organic Carbon
4. Marine Calcifying Organisms and Ecosystems
5. Present and Future of Coastal Carbon System
Chapter 10: Natural Global Carbon Cycle through Time
1. The Hadean to Archaean
2. The Archaean to Proterozoic
3. The Phanerozoic
4. Pleisene to Holocene Environmental Change
Chapter 11: The Carbon Cycle in the Anthropocene
1. Characteristics of the Anthropocene
2. Major Perturbations in the Carbon Cycle: 1850 to the Early 21st Century
3. Partitioning of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fluxes
4. The Fundamental Carbon Problem of the Future