Table of Contents
Part 1 Introduction 2
Brief Overview of the Game 3
Prologue 4
How to React 7
Game Setup 7
Game Play 8
Game Requirements 9
Skill Development 10
Part 2 Historical Background 12
Chronology 13
Sports, Gender, and Equality: The Origins of Title IX 14
The Emergence of Modern Sports in Europe 15
The Development of Sports in the United States 16
Regulation and the NCAA 18
The Fight for Inclusion 21
The Passage of Title IX 23
Implementing Title IX: A Fight for Control 24
Distributive Justice: Toward a Theory of Compliance 25
How Does a University Work? 28
Budgets and Fund-Raising 29
University Athletics 30
The Role of Faculty 32
Part 3 The Game 34
Major Issues for Debate and Learning Objectives 35
Rules and Procedures 38
Objectives and Victory Conditions 38
The Setting: What Do We Know about UNEU? 39
Game Play 41
Other Locations for Action: The Bar, the Quad, and the Kiosk 42
Demonstrations and Other Kinds of Protests 44
Personal Influence Points (PIPs) 45
The University Budget and How It Constrains Your Choices 49
Reporters and Newspapers 51
Basic Outline of the Game 51
Outline of Assignments and Duties 58
Written Assignments 58
Class Participation 58
Outside Research 58
Counterfactuals 59
Part 4 Factions and Independents 60
Part 5 Core Texts 66
U.S. Congress, Title IX, 1972 67
Office of Civil Rights, Clarification of Intercollegiate Athletics Policy Guidance: The Three-Part Test, 1996 67
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, Rules of Conduct, 1943-1954 78
Heather Ross Miller, Half-Court Basketball: Power and Sex, 1992 80
Betty Friedan, National Organization for Women's Statement of Purpose, 1966 86
Bil Gilbert and Nancy Williamson, Sport Is Unfair to Women, 1973 91
Brenda Feigen, Give Women a Sporting Chance, 1973 105
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Policy Interpretation: Title IX and Intercollegiate Athletics, 1979 111
R. Vivian Acosta and Linda Carpenter, Women in Intercollegiate Sport: A Longitudinal, National Study: Thirty-Seven Year Update, 2014 113
Jessica Gavora, How Women Beat Men at College Sports, 1995 119
U.S. Congress, Hearing on Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 122
Appendix
Appendix A Fact Sheet: UNEU and Newtown, Massachusetts 159
Appendix B Abbreviations 161
Selected Bibliography 163
Notes 165
Credits 169
Acknowledgments 170