Chips, Clones, and Living Beyond 100: How Far Will the Biosciences Take Us?

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Overview

The key scientific discoveries of the 21st century will emerge from the biosciences. These discoveries will impact our lives in ways we can only now begin to imagine. In this book, two of the field's leading experts help us imagine those impacts. Paul and Joyce A. Schoemaker tour the remarkable field of biosciences as it stands today, and preview the directions and innovations that are most likely to emerge in the coming years. They offer a clear, non-technical overview of crucial current developments that are ...

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Chips, Clones, and Living Beyond 100: How Far Will the Biosciences Take Us?

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Overview

The key scientific discoveries of the 21st century will emerge from the biosciences. These discoveries will impact our lives in ways we can only now begin to imagine. In this book, two of the field's leading experts help us imagine those impacts. Paul and Joyce A. Schoemaker tour the remarkable field of biosciences as it stands today, and preview the directions and innovations that are most likely to emerge in the coming years. They offer a clear, non-technical overview of crucial current developments that are likely to have enormous impact, and address issues ranging from increased human longevity to global warming, bio-warfare to personalized medicine. Along the way, they illuminate each of the exciting technologies and hot-button issues associated with contemporary biotechnology - including stem cells, cloning, probiotics, DNA microarrays, proteomics, gene therapy, and a whole lot more. The Schoemakers identify emerging economic, political, and technical drivers and obstacles that are likely to powerfully impact the way the biosciences progress. Then, drawing on Paul Schoemaker's unsurpassed experience helping global organizations prepare for the future, the authors sketch multiple long-term scenarios for the biosciences - and reveal how they will impact your health, family, career, society, even the Earth itself.

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Editorial Reviews

Publishers Weekly
Technology scholar Paul and microbiology researcher Joyce Schoemaker review "the scientific and technological forces that make living beyond 100 possible, as well as the economic, social, and political obstacles that might stand in the way," which they believe "will shape the world between now and the year 2025." This bioscience tour begins with a brief history of medicine, from the discovery of hygiene through the discovery of DNA, to cloning and biotechnology, delving into the biomedicine industry of today and in several visions of the future. In fluid language, the scientists discuss medical advances including gene testing and therapy, medical sensors and devices, and vaccine technologies, emphasizing the components of a successful technology with regard to economics, ethics, regulations, infrastructure, and investment. Uncertainties about the rapidly emerging field's future come up in questions like, "How much do we really want to know about our health, especially when it is unclear how much we can alter it?" This concise, accessible overview will most appeal to those working outside the field, including investors, medical professionals and engineers, as well as those seeking a biomedicine career.
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Product Details

  • ISBN-13: 9780137153855
  • Publisher: FT Press
  • Publication date: 9/25/2009
  • Pages: 216
  • Product dimensions: 6.00 (w) x 9.10 (h) x 1.00 (d)

Meet the Author

Paul J. H. Schoemaker, Ph.D. is Research Director of the Mack Center for Technological Innovation at The Wharton School, where he teaches strategy and decision making. Dr. Schoemaker is also the founder and chairman of Decision Strategies International, Inc., a consulting and training firm specializing in strategic planning and executive development. He has written more than 100 academic and applied papers as well as coauthored numerous books, including Decision Traps, Wharton on Managing Emerging Technologies, Winning Decisions, Profiting from Uncertainty, and Peripheral Vision. He serves on multiple boards.

Joyce A. Schoemaker, Ph.D. has conducted basic research in microbiology and molecular genetics at the University of Chicago and taught microbiology at Villanova University. She has held positions in research and management at several biotechnology companies, including Celltech in London, and has published numerous scientific articles in biology. She is coauthor of Healthy Homes, Healthy Kids: Protecting Your Children From Everyday Environmental Hazards. Dr. Schoemaker has a long-standing interest in environmental issues as well as the emerging biosciences.

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Table of Contents

Foreword xii

Preface xiv

Chapter 1 Living well beyond 100 1

Great progress made, much more to come 1

Medical challenges and promises 4

Living well versus living longer 7

Social challenges and promises 10

Can we afford old age? 11

Government and business 13

The journey ahead 17

Chapter 2 A short history of biomedicine 21

Improving hygiene 21

The power of immunology 23

Monoclonal antibodies 24

The discovery of antibiotics 25

The DNA revolution 26

Recombinant DNA and cloning 27

Biotechnology 29

Unraveling the code 31

Conclusion 33

Chapter 3 Snapshot of the biosciences 35

DNA-based technologies 35

Genomics 37

Genetic testing 37

DNA chips 39

Pharmacogenetics 40

Cloning 41

Gene therapy 43

RNA-based technologies 45

Antisense technology 45

RNA interference (RNAi) 46

Protein-based technologies 46

Vaccines 47

Monoclonal Antibodies 48

Proteomics 49

Cell-based and other technologies 50

Stem cells 50

Antimicrobials 51

Conclusion 52

Chapter 4 Bio-driven convergence 57

Converging technologies 58

Telemedicine 58

Remote diagnostics 59

Biological drug factories 59

Biochips 59

Tissue engineering 60

Imaging 61

Multidirectional synergies 62

Shifting industry boundaries 64

Healthcare and IT 65

Medical information handling 65

Medical data storage 66

Computers and drug discovery 66

Remote monitoring and the wired home 67

Reshaping bioinformatics 67

Bioinformatics and gene banks 69

Personalized medicine 70

Systems biology and holistic medicine 70

Biosensors 72

Nano devices 72

Commercialization challenges 73

Technological challenges: biocompatibility 74

Regulatory challenges: clinical safety and efficacy 74

Political challenges: privacy and ownership 74

Social challenges: consumer advocacy 75

The road ahead 76

Chapter 5 The business of biomedicine 79

The pharmaceutical industry 79

Diminishing drug pipelines 82

The biotechnology sector 85

Medical device industry 89

Cardiovascular device segment 89

Orthopedic device segment 91

Neurological device segment 91

Medical diagnostics industry 92

Laboratory testing 93

Point-of-care (POC) patient monitoring and diagnosis 94

Prevention and disease management 95

Conclusions 97

Chapter 6 Healthcare under stress 101

Stress in developed nations 103

Healthcare funding 104

Major diseases of the developed world 105

Cardiovascular diseases 106

Cancer 106

Stress in developing nations 107

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) 109

Malaria 111

Which technologies will succeed? 113

Illustrative cases 114

AIDS and malaria 115

Cardiovascular diseases 115

Cancer 116

Chapter 7 Wildcards for the future 125

Trends versus uncertainties 125

Wildcards 127

Society and politics 127

Public support of the biosciences? 127

A major pandemic? 129

Biotech rogue states? 130

Science and technology 131

Raging success or major meltdown? 131

Role of complementary industries? 132

Intellectual property regimes? 133

Qualified staff for healthcare and research? 133

Business and economics 134

Economic growth and global power shifts? 134

Venture capital and other funding sources? 135

Climate change and resource scarcity? 135

A scenario framework 136

The first overarching uncertainty: technological success 137

The second overarching uncertainty: societal acceptance 137

Multiple scenarios are possible 138

The role of stakeholders 141

Chapter 8 Scenarios up to 2025 143

Bio gridlock scenario 143

The view from 2025 143

How we got here 145

The world we live in 150

Analogous cases 151

Golden age scenario 153

The view from 2025 154

How we got here 154

The world we live in 158

Analogous case: information technology 160

Chapter 9 What it all means 163

You and your family 163

At work 168

Business and commerce 170

Society at large 172

Appendix A DNA, RNA, and protein 177

Molecules of inheritance 177

The structure of DNA 178

Cracking the code 179

Making proteins 180

Regulating gene expression 181

Appendix B Cloning genes 183

Restriction enzymes 183

Cloning procedure 184

Appendix C Complexity of the genome 187

Non-Coding RNAs 187

SNP variations 188

Glossary of Biomedical Terms 191

Acknowledgments 199

About the Authors 201

Index 203

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