Risk assessment is the cornerstone of contemporary environmental protection. You must find the answers to questions such as: what might be the impacts of the new synthetic chemicals, what problems might arise from the normal operations of industry, what are the chances of accidental releases and how will they impact the environment? Understanding and assessing these risks is essential to sound environmental policy and management.
The first book to address the application of the current National Research Council (NRC) risk assessment paradigm to the coastal marine environment, Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment covers topics that range from pollutants of emerging concern to bioavailability and bioaccumulation at the suborganismal through landscape levels. It explores the necessary applications for modifying the NRC paradigm and presents a series of steps to actually accomplish an effective assessment using the modified paradigm. The book highlights the logical framework for assessing causation, and measurement of toxicant fate and effect.
The chapter authors bring together experiences from academia, private consultants, and government agencies, resulting in a rich mixture of experience and insights. Exploring the science of exposure, effect, and risk in coastal and estuarine environments, Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment gives you a building block approach to the fundamental components of risk assessment.
Overview of Ecological Risk Assessment in Coastal and Estuarine Environments, M.H. Roberts, Jr., M.C. Newman, and R.C. Hale Introduction Application of Risk Assessment in Estuaries Forum Organization
European Approaches to Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment, M. Crane, N. Sorokin, J. Wheeler, A. Grosso, P. Whitehouse, and D. Morrit Introduction Legislative Procedure in the European Union Principles of Chemical Risk Assessment in the EU Retrospective Risk Assessments Conclusions Acknowledgments
Emerging Contaminants of Concern in Coastal and Estuarine Environments, R.C. Hale and M.J. La Guardia Introduction Brominated Fire Retardants Polychlorinated Biphenyls Natural and Synthetic Estrogens Alkylphenol Polyethoxylates and Related Degradation Products Other Pharmaceuticals Non-Pharmaceutical Anti-Microbial Agents Personal Care Products Interactions of Multiple Stressors Conclusions Acknowledgements
Enhancing Belief during Causality Assessments: Cognitive Idols or Bayes's Theorem? M.C. Newman and D.A. Evans Difficulty in Identifying Causality Bacon=s Idols of the Tribe Idols of the Theater and Certainty Assessing Causality in the Presence of Cognitive and Social Biases Bayesian Methods Can Enhance Belief or Disbelief A More Detailed Exploration of Bayes=s Approach Two Applications of the Bayesian Method Conclusion Acknowledgments
Bioavailability, Biotransformation and Fate of Organic Contaminants in Estuarine Animals, R.F. Lee Introduction Bioavailability Uptake Fate of Xenobiotics after Uptake by Estuarine Animals Elimination Summary
The Bioaccumulation of Mercury, Methylmercury and Other Toxic Elements into Pelagic and Benthic Organisms, R.P. Mason Introduction Bioaccumulation in Pelagic Food Webs Bioaccumulation in Benthis Organisms Membrane Transport Processes Summary Acknowledgments
Dietary Metals Exposure and Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms: Implications for Ecological Risk Assessment, C.E. Schlekat, B.-G. Lee, and S.N. Luoma Introduction Current Status of Regulatory Approaches for Metals in Aquatic Systems Processes Affecting Dietary Metal Exposure The Relative Importance of Dietary vs. Dissolved Metal Uptake for Bioaccumulation and Toxicity Toxicological Significace of Dietary Metals Exposure Conclusions/Recommendations
Endocrine Disruption in Fishes and Invertebrates: Issues for Saltwater Ecological Risk Assessment, K. Leung, J. Wheeler, D. Morritt, and M. Crane Introduction Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Saltwater Fishes and Invertebrates Developing a Coherent and Cost-Effective Risk Assessment Strategy for Saltwater Endocrine Disrupters Conclusions
The Use of Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs) to Assess the Risks Persistent Organochlorines Pose to Marine Mammals, P.D. Jones, K. Kannan, A.L. Blankenship, and J.P. Giesy Overview Introduction Problem Formulation Exposure Assessment Effects Assessment Risk Characterization Conclusions Acknowledgments
Effects of Chronic Stress on Wildlife Populations: A Population Modeling Approach and Case Study, D.E. Nacci, T.R. Gleason, R. Gutjahr-Gobell, M. Huber, and W.R. Munns, Jr Introduction Population Matrix Modeling Approach A Stressor of Ecotoxicological Concern A Case Study A Population Modeling Approach and Case Study: Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Structuring Population-Based Ecological Risk Assessments in a Dynamic Landscape, C.E. Mackay, J.A. Colton, and G. Bigham Introduction Ecological Risk Assessment Model Population-Based Risk Characterization Discussion
Incremental Chemical Risks and Damages in Urban Estuaries: Spatial and Historical Ecosystem Analysis, D.F. Ludwig and T.J. Iannuzzi Introduction Risk and Damage Assessment: Foundations for Urban Ecosystems Conclusions
Epilogue - Ecological Risk Assessment in Coastal and Estuarine Environments, M.C. Newman, R.C. Hale, and M.H. Roberts, Jr.
Introduction Chapter Contributions to Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment Conclusion
Overview
Risk assessment is the cornerstone of contemporary environmental protection. You must find the answers to questions such as: what might be the impacts of the new synthetic chemicals, what problems might arise from the normal operations of industry, what are the chances of accidental releases and how will they impact the environment? Understanding and assessing these risks is essential to sound environmental policy and management.
The first book to address the application of the ...