Computer Intelligence: With Us or Against Us?
Computer Intelligence (CI) is the combination of computer power and the increasingly sophisticated software which that power makes possible. CI has an ever-increasing impact on human society, the economy, and how we fight wars. Artificial Intelligence is a recent innovation with both an impressive impact and concerns over its dangers, but it is simply a tipping point in the evolution of CI. AI techniques are practical because CI passed a threshold of performance that made its methods computationally feasible. Such breakthroughs have occurred in the past, and will continue at an accelerating pace. CI's growth will continue to impact society, change the nature of our economy, and change warfare, with cyberwarfare the critical battleground. Computer technology is embedded in modern life to an extent that was unimaginable a half-century ago. Where it will be fifty years from now is similarly difficult to predict. Today's society depends on CI. Infrastructure such as the electric grids that power our homes and businesses are controlled automatically by computers and digital technology. Human communications are driven by digital networks, including the increasingly important role of mobile phones. Our dependence on computer technology is unfortunately too often made evident today when malicious cyberattacks impact business operations, our security, and even politics. Computer intelligence has long augmented human intelligence, providing tools that let us do things well beyond our native human abilities. Computers have long done arithmetic faster and more accurately than any human and have bigger and more reliable memories. We expand our intelligence with the aid of such common software as spreadsheet programs and spelling checkers in word processing programs. Computers have always been tools that expanded human abilities, and they are continuing to do so. A core reason for the growing power of computer technology is faster computer processing and more memory. Today, that fundamental trend is being accelerated by options such as cloud computing and specialized chips. CI also requires invention in the methodology that the software executes. AI techniques such as "machine learning" using "deep neural networks" are an advance in such methodology. Such improvements add power to CI by adding to the things it can do, not just how fast it can do them. The utility of these methods, however, can depend on CI being powerful enough to make them practical. This growing power can also create problems. The increase in propaganda and misinformation on the Web and in social media and the danger of hacking and cyberattacks are but two of many issues. This book discusses the history, current state, and future of Computer Intelligence. With its growing impact on our lives and society, it behooves us to understand computer intelligence more deeply, both to take full advantage of the technology and to avoid potential dangers. Exploration of how Computer Intelligence advanced to where it is today and how it is likely to evolve helps in understanding a difficult topic. This book makes computer technology less mysterious and less obscure. CI will impact us at an increasing rate, and understanding it will help us control its evolution. Meisel explores if Computer Intelligence is indeed With Us or Against Us.
1133799881
Computer Intelligence: With Us or Against Us?
Computer Intelligence (CI) is the combination of computer power and the increasingly sophisticated software which that power makes possible. CI has an ever-increasing impact on human society, the economy, and how we fight wars. Artificial Intelligence is a recent innovation with both an impressive impact and concerns over its dangers, but it is simply a tipping point in the evolution of CI. AI techniques are practical because CI passed a threshold of performance that made its methods computationally feasible. Such breakthroughs have occurred in the past, and will continue at an accelerating pace. CI's growth will continue to impact society, change the nature of our economy, and change warfare, with cyberwarfare the critical battleground. Computer technology is embedded in modern life to an extent that was unimaginable a half-century ago. Where it will be fifty years from now is similarly difficult to predict. Today's society depends on CI. Infrastructure such as the electric grids that power our homes and businesses are controlled automatically by computers and digital technology. Human communications are driven by digital networks, including the increasingly important role of mobile phones. Our dependence on computer technology is unfortunately too often made evident today when malicious cyberattacks impact business operations, our security, and even politics. Computer intelligence has long augmented human intelligence, providing tools that let us do things well beyond our native human abilities. Computers have long done arithmetic faster and more accurately than any human and have bigger and more reliable memories. We expand our intelligence with the aid of such common software as spreadsheet programs and spelling checkers in word processing programs. Computers have always been tools that expanded human abilities, and they are continuing to do so. A core reason for the growing power of computer technology is faster computer processing and more memory. Today, that fundamental trend is being accelerated by options such as cloud computing and specialized chips. CI also requires invention in the methodology that the software executes. AI techniques such as "machine learning" using "deep neural networks" are an advance in such methodology. Such improvements add power to CI by adding to the things it can do, not just how fast it can do them. The utility of these methods, however, can depend on CI being powerful enough to make them practical. This growing power can also create problems. The increase in propaganda and misinformation on the Web and in social media and the danger of hacking and cyberattacks are but two of many issues. This book discusses the history, current state, and future of Computer Intelligence. With its growing impact on our lives and society, it behooves us to understand computer intelligence more deeply, both to take full advantage of the technology and to avoid potential dangers. Exploration of how Computer Intelligence advanced to where it is today and how it is likely to evolve helps in understanding a difficult topic. This book makes computer technology less mysterious and less obscure. CI will impact us at an increasing rate, and understanding it will help us control its evolution. Meisel explores if Computer Intelligence is indeed With Us or Against Us.
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Computer Intelligence: With Us or Against Us?

Computer Intelligence: With Us or Against Us?

by William Meisel
Computer Intelligence: With Us or Against Us?

Computer Intelligence: With Us or Against Us?

by William Meisel

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Overview

Computer Intelligence (CI) is the combination of computer power and the increasingly sophisticated software which that power makes possible. CI has an ever-increasing impact on human society, the economy, and how we fight wars. Artificial Intelligence is a recent innovation with both an impressive impact and concerns over its dangers, but it is simply a tipping point in the evolution of CI. AI techniques are practical because CI passed a threshold of performance that made its methods computationally feasible. Such breakthroughs have occurred in the past, and will continue at an accelerating pace. CI's growth will continue to impact society, change the nature of our economy, and change warfare, with cyberwarfare the critical battleground. Computer technology is embedded in modern life to an extent that was unimaginable a half-century ago. Where it will be fifty years from now is similarly difficult to predict. Today's society depends on CI. Infrastructure such as the electric grids that power our homes and businesses are controlled automatically by computers and digital technology. Human communications are driven by digital networks, including the increasingly important role of mobile phones. Our dependence on computer technology is unfortunately too often made evident today when malicious cyberattacks impact business operations, our security, and even politics. Computer intelligence has long augmented human intelligence, providing tools that let us do things well beyond our native human abilities. Computers have long done arithmetic faster and more accurately than any human and have bigger and more reliable memories. We expand our intelligence with the aid of such common software as spreadsheet programs and spelling checkers in word processing programs. Computers have always been tools that expanded human abilities, and they are continuing to do so. A core reason for the growing power of computer technology is faster computer processing and more memory. Today, that fundamental trend is being accelerated by options such as cloud computing and specialized chips. CI also requires invention in the methodology that the software executes. AI techniques such as "machine learning" using "deep neural networks" are an advance in such methodology. Such improvements add power to CI by adding to the things it can do, not just how fast it can do them. The utility of these methods, however, can depend on CI being powerful enough to make them practical. This growing power can also create problems. The increase in propaganda and misinformation on the Web and in social media and the danger of hacking and cyberattacks are but two of many issues. This book discusses the history, current state, and future of Computer Intelligence. With its growing impact on our lives and society, it behooves us to understand computer intelligence more deeply, both to take full advantage of the technology and to avoid potential dangers. Exploration of how Computer Intelligence advanced to where it is today and how it is likely to evolve helps in understanding a difficult topic. This book makes computer technology less mysterious and less obscure. CI will impact us at an increasing rate, and understanding it will help us control its evolution. Meisel explores if Computer Intelligence is indeed With Us or Against Us.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781543983227
Publisher: BookBaby
Publication date: 10/03/2019
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 260
File size: 4 MB

About the Author

Dr. Meisel was an early researcher in Artificial Intelligence, including a PhD dissertation on a form of neural networks and a technical book on computer pattern recognition (machine learning). He began his career as a professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at USC, teaching courses in early AI. As head of the computer science division of an engineering company for a decade, Meisel applied machine learning technology in areas such as defense and intelligence systems. After that, he founded and ran a venture-capital-backed company developing speech recognition technology and products for another ten years. Meisel since has been an independent industry analyst, including publishing a paid-subscription monthly computer technology newsletter for more than a decade, providing him continuing insight into how Computer Intelligence drives innovations. Dr. Meisel's deep experience is reflected in this book's insights and innovative approaches to issues.

Table of Contents

Preface 1

Introduction 3

Part I Computer Intelligence and its history 6

Key CI developments 9

Early computer concepts 9

George Boole-expressing logic mathematically 12

The telegraph 13

Claude Shannon, switching theory, and information theory 14

Ivan Sutherland 16

The early modern computer 17

The EDVAC and the Van Neumann model 17

Douglas Engelbart, the "mother of all demos," and "Augmented Intelligence" 18

Alan Kay and Xerox PARC 20

MITS Altair kit computer 23

Microsoft and a standard operating system 23

Software, computer languages, and repeatable logic 25

Apple and the Graphical User Interface 26

Microsoft and Windows 3 28

Communications and networks 28

The Internet 29

The World Wide Web 31

Web search 32

The standardization of applications 33

Business Process Automation 34

Portable computing and the smartphone 34

Today's CI 36

Servers and data centers 36

Cloud Computing 38

Online shopping 39

Ride-sharing services 40

Artificial Intelligence 40

Natural language understanding 45

Home devices with speech recognition 46

DNA and bioengineering 47

Internet of Things 47

Wearables 49

The entertainment explosion 51

Blockchain 52

Intelligence at the "edge" 53

5G wireless networks: 54

Self-driving vehicles 57

Quantum computing: The next breakthrough in computer intelligence? 57

A Perspective 59

Part II Algorithms-The core of Computer Intelligence 61

Dynamic Programming 62

Machine learning and deep neural nets 64

Processing human language 67

Just the answer, please-Answering technology 70

Robotic process automation (RPA) 75

Blockchain 77

The role of algorithms 79

Part III How CI changes society 80

Communicating with computers using human language 82

CI in Healthcare 88

Addressing global challenges 93

Confronting issues created by computer intelligence 95

Too much "screen time" 96

Disinformation and objectionable content 100

Hacking 112

AI ethics 116

Explainability 121

Privacy 123

Over-dependence on computer intelligence 131

Part IV CI drives the economy 133

Productivity and utility 133

Computer Intelligence and jobs 135

Tasks and jobs 138

The changing nature of jobs and the societal impact 141

An aging population 146

Preventing a job crisis 147

Income inequality and the shrinking middle class 149

Robots 154

Competition between companies 160

Competition between countries 164

Part V Cyberattacks and cyberwar 167

Computer Intelligence in conventional warfare 168

Cyberwarfare-The future of war? 171

Cyberwar arms race? 172

Cyberattacks-a major shift in military strategy 176

Cyberattacks as a result of individual carelessness 180

Cyberattacks through propaganda 182

Governments controlling their population 188

Economic warfare 189

Potential solutions 194

Part VI What's next for CI? 196

Communications 200

Economic trends 201

The evolution of AI 202

Are AI dangers real? 203

Changes in software development 205

Conversations with computers 207

Explainability 207

Workflow 210

Automated data organization 212

Artificial General Intelligence 213

Antagonistic Computers 216

Building a brain 219

Part VII What will CI deliver? 220

Digital assistants 220

Customer service 224

Improving the World Wide Web 225

Digital payments 227

Robots 229

Healthcare 231

Food production 235

Energy 238

Education 239

Criminal investigations 240

Real estate 240

Self-driving vehicles 241

References 245

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