Conscience and Convenience: The Asylum and Its Alternatives in Progressive America

by Seymour Lipset (Editor)

Overview

Conscience and Convenience was quickly recognized for its masterly depiction and interpretation of a major period of reform history. This history begins in a social context in which treatment and rehabilitation were emerging as predominant after America's prisons and asylums had been broadly acknowledged to be little more than embarrassing failures. The resulting progressive agenda was evident: to develop new, more humane and effective strategies for the criminal, delinquent, and mentally ill. The results, as Rothman documents, did not turn out as reformers had planned.

For adult criminal offenders, such individual treatment could be accomplished only through the provision of broad discretionary authority, whereby choices could be made between probation, parole, indeterminate sentencing, and, as a measure of last resort, incarceration in totally redesigned prisons. For delinquents, the juvenile court served as a surrogate parent and accelerated and intensified individual treatment by providing for a series of community-based individual and family services, with the newly designed, school-like reformatories being used for only the most intractable cases. For the mentally ill, psychiatrists chose between outpatient treatments, short-term intensive care, or as last resort, long-term care in mental hospitals with new cottage and family-like arrangements. Rothman shows the consequences of these reforms as unmitigated disasters. Despite benevolent intentions, the actual outcome of reform efforts was to take the earlier failures of prisons and asylums to new, more ominous heights.

In this updated edition, Rothman chronicles and examines incarceration of the criminal, the deviant, and the dependent in U.S. society, with a focus on how and why these methods have persisted and expanded for over a century and a half despite longstanding evidence of their failures and abuses.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780202307145
Publisher:	Transaction Publishers
Publication date:	10/31/2002
Series:	New Lines in Criminology Series
Edition description:	Revised
Pages:	500
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.01(d)

About the Author

David J. Rothman, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University.

Table of Contents

Introduction; 1: The Nineteenth-Century Legacy; 1: Coping with Evil; 2: The World of Criminal Justice; 2: Individual Justice: The Progressive Design; 3: Watching Over the Offender: The Practice of Probation; 4: Up Against the Prison Wall; 5: A Game of Chance: The Condition of Parole; 3: The World of Juvenile Justice; 6: The Invention of the Juvenile Court; 7: The Cult of Judicial Personality; 8: When Is a School Not a School?; 4: The World of Mental Health; 9: Civic Medicine; 10: The Enduring Asylum; 5: Dreams Die Hard; 11: The Diary of an Institution; EPILOGUE The Crime of Punishment

Editorial Reviews

In Conscience and Convenience, Rothman examines the development of a series of related responses to social deviance arising in early twentieth century America: probation, parole, the juvenile court, the therapeutic mental hospital, and outpatient mental health care.” —Guyora Binder, Reviews in American History “Rothman has provided a framework for the history of institutionalization in America, and the rest of us will either be using it or dealing with it for some time to come.” —Rochelle Bookspan, The Public Historian “With Conscience and Convenience, David J. Rothman completes his earlier book, The Discovery of the Asylum (1971), in which he shows how the Jacksonian endeavors to rehabilitate the dependent and the deviant degenerated into little more than institutions for punishment and incarceration.” —Barbara Brenzel, The Journal of American History

From the Publisher