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More About This Textbook
Overview
Audience:
Upper level undergraduate and graduate students in geoscience, engineering, environmental science, geography, geochemistry, toxicology, and soil science studying the means to assess, remediate or restore contaminated streams and rivers. It also serves as a reference book for professionals who are working on contaminated aquatic systems, particularly rivers contaminated by trace metals.
"River contamination is a problem of global significance. This book provides a comprehensive and highly readable review of the role of fluvial geomorphic processes in understanding and predicting the dispersal and fate of contaminants in aquatic environments. Aimed at both students and professionals it forms an excellent introductory text to this rapidly developing field, especially in river basins experiencing rapid environmental change."
Mark G. Macklin, University of Aberystwyth, UK
"This excellent book clearly and graphically explains the geochemical and geomorphological principles influencing the contamination of river systems, and cost-effective methods for contaminated river assessment and remediation. I shall certainly be recommending it to all of my students and colleagues."
Karen Hudson-Edwards, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
Product Details
Related Subjects
Table of Contents
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of Contaminants
1.2.1 Organic Contaminants
1.2.2 Inorganic Contaminants
1.3 Sources of Contamination
1.4 The Dissolved Versus Particulate Load
1.5 Site Characterization, Assessment, and Remediation
1.6 The Geomorphological-Geochemical Approach
1.7 Summary
1.8 Suggested Readings
2 Sediment-Trace Metal Interactions
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Physical Partitioning of Trace Metals in Sediment
2.3 Chemical Partitioning of Trace Metals
2.3.1 Mechanistic Associations
2.3.2 Chemically Reactive Substrates
2.4 Elemental Speciation
2.5 Chemical Remobilization
2.6 Summary
2.7 Suggested Readings
3 Basin Processes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Hillslope Hydrology
3.2.1 Direct Runoff Generation
3.2.2 Flood Hydrographs
3.3 Contaminant Transport Pathways
3.3.1 The Controlling Factors
3.3.2 Transport via Hortonian Overland Flow
3.3.3 Mapping Spatial Variations in Metal Sources
3.4 Hillslope Erosion
3.4.1 Basic Mechanics
3.4.2 Measurement of Erosion Rates
3.4.3 Prediction of Erosion Rates
3.5 Summary
3.6 Suggested Readings
4 The Water Column - Concentration and Load
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Temporal Variations in Concentration
4.2.1 Dissolved Constituents
4.3 Sediment and Contaminant Loads
4.3.1 Load Estimation
4.3.2 The Effective Transporting Discharge
4.4 Summary
4.5 Suggested Readings
5 The Channel Bed - Contaminant Transport and Storage
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Sediment Transport
5.2.1 Modes of Transport
5.2.2 Channelized Flow
5.2.3 Entrainment
5.3 Dispersal Processes
5.3.1 Hydraulic Sorting
5.3.2 Dilution and Exchange with the Floodplain
5.3.3 Sediment Storage and Exchange Mechanisms
5.3.4 Geochemical Processes and Biological Uptake
5.4 Downstream Patterns
5.5 Deposition and Storage along a Reach
5.5.1 Channel Patterns
5.5.2 Trace Metal Partitioning Mechanisms
5.5.3 Implications to Sampling
5.6 Physical and Mathematical Manipulations
5.7 Temporal Variations in Concentration
5.8 Summary
5.9 Suggested Readings
6 Floodplains
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Floodplains: Definition
6.3 The Formative Processes
6.4 Floodplain Sediments
6.4.1 Floodplain Deposits
6.5 Trace Metal Storage and Distribution
6.5.1 Grain Size Variations
6.5.2 Residence Time and Deposit Age
6.5.3 Sediment Mixing and Homogenization
6.5.4 Post-Depositional Processes
6.6 Overbank Sediments
6.6.1 Depositional Rates and Patterns
6.6.2 Geographical Patterns in Contaminant Concentrations
6.6.3 Documenting Pollution Histories
6.7 Sediment and Contaminant Source Determination
6.7.1 Non-point Source Multivariate Fingerprinting Methods
6.7.2 Isotopic Tracing Methods
6.8 Physical Remobilization
6.8.1 Bank Erosion Processes
6.9 Summary
6.10 Suggested Readings
7 River Metamorphosis
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Balanced Condition
7.3 Thresholds, Complex Response, and Process Linkages
7.4 Adjustments in Channel Gradient, Shape, and Pattern
7.5 Effects of River Metamorphosis
7.6 Terraces
7.6.1 Definition and Formative Processes
7.6.2 Trace Metal Distributions
7.7 Quantifying Extent and Magnitude of Contamination
7.8 Summary
7.9 Suggested Readings
8 Remediation and Sediment Quality Criteria
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Setting Remediation Standards
8.2.1 Background Concentrations
8.2.2 Health and Risk Based Standards
8.3 Prioritizing Cleanup
8.4 Summary
8.5 Suggested Readings
9 Ex Situ Remediation and Channel Restoration
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Ex Situ Remediation Techniques
9.2.1 Excavation
9.2.2 Dredging
9.3 Ex Situ Treatments
9.3.1 Dewatering and Particle Separation
9.3.2 Soil Washing
9.3.3 Other Treatment Alternatives
9.4 Geomorphic Considerations
9.4.1 Channel Stability
9.4.2 River Restoration and Rehabilitation
9.5 Summary
9.6 Suggesting Readings
10 In Situ Remediation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 In Situ Extraction
10.2.1 Soil Flushing
10.2.2 Electrokinetic Remediation
10.2.3 Phytoremediation
10.3 In Situ Containment
10.3.1. In Situ (Subaqueous) Capping
10.3.2 Soil and Sediment Capping
10.3.3 In Situ Solidification and Stabilization
10.3.4 Phytostabilization and Immobilization
10.4 Monitored Natural Recovery
10.5 Summary
10.6 Suggested Readings
References
Glossary
Appendix A: USEPA RI/FS Program
Appendix B: Quaternary Dating Methods