Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use

by Nigel Maxted, Brian V. Ford-Lloyd, Shelagh P Kell, Jose M. Iriondo, Mohammad E. Dulloo

Overview

Crop wild relatives (CWR) are species closely related to crop plants which can contribute beneficial traits, such as pest or disease resistance and yield improvement. These species are critical for improving agricultural production and increasing food security. They are also essential components of natural and semi-natural habitats as well as agricultural systems, and are therefore vital in maintaining ecosystem health. However, CWR, like any other group of wild species, are subject to an increasing range of threats: habitat loss, degradation and mismanagement, over-collection and climate change. Through an examination of the national, regional and global context of CWR, these authoritative studies present methodologies and case studies that review and provide recommendations for global conservation and use. Topics range from the establishment of conservation priorities and strategies, threat assessment and genetic erosion and pollution.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781845930998
Publisher:	CABI
Publication date:	12/18/2007
Series:	CABI Publishing Series
Pages:	720
Product dimensions:	6.88(w) x 9.75(h) x (d)

About the Author

Professor / consultant in Plant Genetic Conservation.Research Interests: Plant conservation and broader biodiversity conservation and use, with specific expertise in: field conservation, taxonomy, ecogeography, GIS, population sampling, population management, reserve management, on-farm conservation, gene flow and genetic diversity studies of various plant groups. Work experience throughout Africa, the Middle East, Caucasus, Central Asia and Europe.

Shelagh Kell has been working internationally in the field of plant genetic resources conservation and sustainable use for more than 20 years. She is currently Project Manager and Research Fellow at the School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham (UoB), UK; Editor-in-Chief, Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, published by Cambridge UniversityPress (CUP) on behalf of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), UK; and Chair of the Genetic Resources section of the European Association for Research on Plant Breeding (EUCARPIA). She has undertaken previous consultancies for the Secretariat of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Bioversity International; United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). She has worked both within and outside Europe, including missions to China, the Indian Ocean, the Fertile Crescent, Mesoamerica and South America. She has also been an Author, Tutor, Research Supervisor and Examiner for the University of London External Programme since 2001. She is co-editor of two published volumes, lead and co-author of a range of peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters and other publications, and is founder and co-editor of the newsletter, Crop wild relative.

Professor at Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain. Teaches Evolutionary Genetics in the degree of Biology and Genetic Recovery of Populations at Masters level. Research interests include: Adaptive evolution to climate change in Mediterranean high mountains; Conservation biology of Mediterranean plant; Conservation of wild relatives of European crop; and Population biology (demographic dynamics, reproductive biology, spatial and genetic structure, plant-animal interaction).

Dr Dulloo is a Team Leader for a Bioversity International Initiative on Effective Genetic Resources Conservation and Use. Dr Dulloo is also co-Leader of the Genetic Diversity Cluster in the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas, as well as co-Chair of the Crop Wild Relative Specialist Group. He has been a Senior Policy Officer at the FAO. He was the lead author of the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report and, more recently, lead author of Chapter 2.2 Status and Trends - Nature in the IPBES Global Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Report. He won the World Bank 2009 Development Marketplace Award on Climate Adaptation. Dr Dulloo has published widely on biodiversity and the conservation of genetic resources.

Table of Contents

Contributors     xi
Jack Hawkes: Plant Collector, Researcher, Mentor and Visionary     xviii
Preface     xxi
Foreword     xxiii
Acknowledgements     xxvii
Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use: an Overview
Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use: Establishing the Context   N. Maxted   S.P. Kell   B.V. Ford-Lloyd     3
Addressing the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Crop Wild Relatives: the International Policy Context   N. Azzu   L. Collette     31
Crop Wild Relatives: Putting Information in a European Policy Context   D. Richard   G. Augusto   D. Evans   G. Lois     49
Crop Wild Relatives in Armenia: Diversity, Legislation and Conservation Issues   A. Avagyan     58
Establishing Inventories and Conservation Priorities
Crops and Wild Relatives of the Euro-Mediterranean Region: Making and Using a Conservation Catalogue   S.P. Kell   H. Knupffer   S.L. Jury   B.V. Ford-Lloyd   N. Maxted     69
Establishing Conservation Priorities for Crop Wild Relatives   B. Ford-Lloyd   S.P. Kell   N. Maxted     110
Creation of a National Crop Wild Relative Strategy: a Case Study for the United Kingdom   M. Scholten   N. Maxted   S.P. Kell   B.V. Ford-Lloyd     120
National Crop Wild Relative In Situ Conservation Strategy for Russia   T.N. Smekalova     143
Diversity and Conservation Needs of Crop Wild Relatives in Finland   H. Korpelainen   S. Takaluoma   M. Pohjamo   J. Helenius     152
Crop Wild Relatives in the Netherlands: Actors and Protection Measures   R. Hoekstra   M.G.P. van Veller   B. Ode     165
European Forest Genetic Resources: Status of Current Knowledge and Conservation Priorities   F. Lefevre   E. Collin   B. De Cuyper   B. Fady   J. Koskela   J. Turok   G. von Wuhlisch     178
Using GIS Models to Locate Potential Sites for Wheat Wild Relative Conservation in the Palestinian Authority Areas   S. Allahham   H. Hasasneh     195
Threat and Conservation Assessment
IUCN Red Listing of Crop Wild Relatives: is a National Approach as Difficult as Some Think?   J. Magos Brehm   M. Mitchell   N. Maxted   B.V. Ford-Lloyd   M.A. Martins-Loucao     211
Traditional Farming Systems in South-eastern Turkey: the Imperative of In Situ Conservation of Endangered Wild Annual Cicer Species   S. Abbo   C. Can   S. Lev-Yadun   M. Ozaslan     243
Ecogeographical Representativeness in Crop Wild Relative Ex Situ Collections   M. Parra-Quijano   D. Draper   E. Torres   J.M. Iriondo     249
Genetic Erosion and Genetic Pollution
Genetic Erosion and Genetic Pollution of Crop Wild Relatives: the PGR Forum Perspective and Achievements   E. Bettencourt   B.V. Ford-Lloyd   S. Dias     277
Assessing the Potential for Ecological Harm from Gene Flow to Crop Wild Relatives   M.J. Wilkinson   C.S. Ford     287
Reciprocal Introgression between Wild and Cultivated Peach Palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Arecaceae) in Western Ecuador   J.-C. Pintaud   T.L.P. Couvreur   C. Lara   B. Ludena   J.-L. Pham     296
Impoverishment of the Gene Pool of the Genus Aegilops L. in Armenia   M. Harutyunyan   A. Avagyan   M. Hovhannisyan     309
In Situ Conservation
Crop Wild Relative In Situ Management and Monitoring: the Time Has Come   J.M. Iriondo   L. De Hond     319
Does Agriculture Conflict with In Situ Conservation? a Case Study on the Use of Wild Relatives by Yam Farmers in Benin   N. Scarcelli   S. Tostain   M.N. Baco   C. Agbangla   O. Dainou   Y. Vigouroux   J.L. Pham     331
Management Plans for Promoting In Situ Conservation of Local Agrobiodiversity in the West Asia Centre of Plant Diversity   N. Al-Atawneh   A. Amri   R. Assi   N. Maxted     340
In Situ Conservation Strategy for Wild Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) Populations in the Central Valley of Costa Rica: a Case Study of Short-lived Perennial Plants with a Mixed Mating System   J.-P. Baudoin   O.J. Rocha   J. Degreef   I. Zoro Bi   M. Ouedraogo   L. Guarino   A. Toussaint     364
Population Performance of Arnica montana L. in Different Habitats   J. Radusiene   J. Labokas     380
A Designated Nature Reserve for In Situ Conservation of Wild Emmer Wheat (Triticum dicoccoides (Korn.) Aaronsohn) in Northern Israel   D. Kaplan     389
Integrating Wild Plants and Landrace Conservation in Farming Systems: a Perspective from Italy   V. Negri   F. Branca   G. Castellini     394
Ex Situ Conservation
Ex Situ Conservation of Wild Species: Services Provided by Botanic Gardens   P.P. Smith     407
Conservation of Spanish Wild Oats: Avena canariensis, A. prostrata and A. murphyi   P. Garcia   L.E. Saenz de Miera   F.J. Vences   M. Benchacho   M. Perez de la Vega     413
Analysis of Wild Lactuca Gene Bank Accessions and Implications for Wild Species Conservation   T.S. Rajicic   K.J. Dehmer     429
The Role of Botanic Gardens in the Conservation of Crop Wild Relatives   S. Sharrock   D. Wyse-Jackson     437
A National Italian Network to Improve Seed Conservation of Wild Native Species ('RIBES')   C. Bonomi   G. Rossi   G. Bedini     443
Linking In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation with Use of Crop Wild Relatives   N. Maxted   S.P. Kell     450
Information Management
CWRIS: an Information Management System to Aid Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Sustainable Use   S.P. Kell   J.D. Moore   J.M. Iriondo   M.A. Scholten   B.V. Ford-Lloyd   N. Maxted     471
Crop Wild Relatives in the ECPGR Central Crop Databases: a Case Study in Beta L. and Avena L.   C.U. Germeier   L. Frese     492
Crop Wild Relative Information: Developing a Tool for its Management and Use   I. Thormann   A. Lane   K. Durah   M.E. Dulloo   S. Gaiji     504
Managing Passport Data Associated with Seed Collections from Wild Populations: Increasing Potential for Conservation and Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Israel   R. Hadas   A. Sirota   M. Agami   A. Horovitz     513
Some Thoghts on Sources of News about Crop Wild Relatives   L. Guarino     521
Gene Donors for Crop Improvement
Using Crop Wild Relatives for Crop Improvement: Trends and Perspectives   T. Hodgkin   R. Hajjar     535
The Secondary Gene Pool of Barley as Gene Donors for Crop Improvement   M. Scholz   B. Ruge-Wehling   A. Habekuss   G. Pendinen   O. Schrader   K. Flath   E. Grosse   P. Wehling     549
Exploitation of Wild Cereals for Wheat Improvement in the Instiute for Cereal Crops Improvement   E. Millet   J. Manisterski   P. Ben-Yehuda     556
Using Crop Wild Relatives as Sources of Useful Genes   G. Sonnante   D. Pignone     566
Genetic Systems and the Conservation of Wild Relatives of Crops   D. Zohary     577
Use of Crop Wild Relatives and Underutilized Species
The Use and Economic Potential of Wild Species: an Overview   V.H. Heywood     585
Minor Crops and Underutilized Species: Lessons and Prospects   S. Padulosi   I. Hoeschle-Zeledon   P. Bordoni     605
Conservation and Use of Wild-harvested Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka   R.S.S. Ratnayake   C.S. Kariyawasam     625
Use of Wild Plant Species: the Market Perspective   S. Curtis     632
Linking Conservation with Sustainable Use: Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia (Lam) O. Schwarz in Traditional Agro-sylvo-pastoral Systems in Southern Portugal   C.M. Sousa-Correia   J.M. Abreu   S. Ferreira-Dias   J.C. Rodrigues   A. Alves   N. Maxted   B.V. Ford-Lloyd     638
Global Issues in Crop Wild Relative Conservation and Use
The Crop Wild Relative Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission   M.E. Dulloo   N. Maxted     651
Towards a Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Crop Wild Relatives   V.H. Heywood   S.P. Kell   N. Maxted     657
Index     667

Editorial Reviews

"[A]n excellent and comprehensive review and integration of the latest information about crop wild relatives."

Plant Protection Science

"[A]n excellent and comprehensive review and integration of the latest information about crop wild relatives."

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