Cultivating Machines: The Use and Maintenance of Technology in Midwestern Agriculture, 1845-1900

How farmers shaped the development of agricultural machinery

Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, farmers in the midwestern United States and in Ontario began adopting new agricultural machines: threshers, reapers, and drills for more efficient production of grains, as well as sewing and washing machines for more efficient production within the farm household. By using, maintaining, and altering these machines within the natural and social contexts of their farms, rural people produced new technological systems of industrial agriculture. They also struggled with machine manufacturers and their agents for control of those systems—both individually and through farmers’ organizations. Cultivating Machines contributes to historiographies of capitalism, technology, and agriculture as it demonstrates the importance of everyday know-how and informed tinkering to the mechanization of grain agriculture.

In this study, James Rick moves from the middle decades of the nineteenth century, and the introduction of horse-powered machines, to the end of the century, when mechanized technologies became indispensable and central parts of farms themselves. Ultimately, large-scale wheat production, the increased complexity of machines, the need for replacement parts, and the efforts of manufacturers and their agents to assert themselves as authorities over industrial agriculture diminished the technological independence of farming people.

1147239759
Cultivating Machines: The Use and Maintenance of Technology in Midwestern Agriculture, 1845-1900

How farmers shaped the development of agricultural machinery

Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, farmers in the midwestern United States and in Ontario began adopting new agricultural machines: threshers, reapers, and drills for more efficient production of grains, as well as sewing and washing machines for more efficient production within the farm household. By using, maintaining, and altering these machines within the natural and social contexts of their farms, rural people produced new technological systems of industrial agriculture. They also struggled with machine manufacturers and their agents for control of those systems—both individually and through farmers’ organizations. Cultivating Machines contributes to historiographies of capitalism, technology, and agriculture as it demonstrates the importance of everyday know-how and informed tinkering to the mechanization of grain agriculture.

In this study, James Rick moves from the middle decades of the nineteenth century, and the introduction of horse-powered machines, to the end of the century, when mechanized technologies became indispensable and central parts of farms themselves. Ultimately, large-scale wheat production, the increased complexity of machines, the need for replacement parts, and the efforts of manufacturers and their agents to assert themselves as authorities over industrial agriculture diminished the technological independence of farming people.

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Cultivating Machines: The Use and Maintenance of Technology in Midwestern Agriculture, 1845-1900

Cultivating Machines: The Use and Maintenance of Technology in Midwestern Agriculture, 1845-1900

by James Rick
Cultivating Machines: The Use and Maintenance of Technology in Midwestern Agriculture, 1845-1900

Cultivating Machines: The Use and Maintenance of Technology in Midwestern Agriculture, 1845-1900

by James Rick

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Overview

How farmers shaped the development of agricultural machinery

Throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, farmers in the midwestern United States and in Ontario began adopting new agricultural machines: threshers, reapers, and drills for more efficient production of grains, as well as sewing and washing machines for more efficient production within the farm household. By using, maintaining, and altering these machines within the natural and social contexts of their farms, rural people produced new technological systems of industrial agriculture. They also struggled with machine manufacturers and their agents for control of those systems—both individually and through farmers’ organizations. Cultivating Machines contributes to historiographies of capitalism, technology, and agriculture as it demonstrates the importance of everyday know-how and informed tinkering to the mechanization of grain agriculture.

In this study, James Rick moves from the middle decades of the nineteenth century, and the introduction of horse-powered machines, to the end of the century, when mechanized technologies became indispensable and central parts of farms themselves. Ultimately, large-scale wheat production, the increased complexity of machines, the need for replacement parts, and the efforts of manufacturers and their agents to assert themselves as authorities over industrial agriculture diminished the technological independence of farming people.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780821426609
Publisher: Ohio University Press
Publication date: 09/23/2025
Series: New Approaches to Midwestern History
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 306
File size: 1 MB

About the Author

James Rick is a scholar of the nineteenth-century United States with particular interest in the histories of agriculture, technology, and the Midwest. He received his PhD in history from William & Mary and teaches in the social studies department at St. John’s College High School in Washington, DC.

Table of Contents

Cover Page

New Approaches to Midwestern Studies

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Illustrations

Series Editors’ Preface

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Part 1. Making the Mechanized Farm

1. Technological Systems and Farm Systems: Machines Enter Fields and Homes, 1845–1875

2. Risk and Repair: The Precarities of Financial Capitalism, the Mechanical Labor of Industrial Capitalism, and Maintenance, 1845–1875

Part 2. Binding Technologies

3. The Granger Movement of the 1870s: Farmers’ Cooperatives Challenge Systems of Machine Purchase and Distribution

4. My Own Machine: Harvester Tinkering in the 1880s

5. Parts, Populists, and Experts: New Machines and Maintenance, 1875–1900

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

Index

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