Table of Contents
List of Boxes x
Preface xii
Online Updating xiii
List of Abbreviations used in Text and Citations xiv
Introduction 1
1 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs 5
The origins and growth of the MFA 5
Staffing and supporting missions abroad 9
Policy-making and implementation 10
Coordination of foreign relations 15
Dealing with foreign diplomats at home 17
Building support at home 18
Part I The Art of Negotiation
Introduction to Part I 25
2 Prenegotiations 27
Agreeing the need to negotiate 27
Agreeing the agenda 31
Agreeing procedure 33
3 'Around-the-Table' Negotiations 44
The formula stage 44
The details stage 48
4 Diplomatic Momentum 55
Deadlines 57
Metaphors of movement 63
Publicity 66
Raising the level of the talks 67
5 Packaging Agreements 70
International legal obligations at a premium 70
Signalling importance at a premium 72
Convenience at a premium 73
Saving face at a premium 77
6 Following Up 84
Early methods 85
Monitoring by experts 86
Embassies 89
Review meetings 93
Part II Diplomatic Relations
Introduction to Part II 101
7 Embassies 103
The French system of diplomacy 103
The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 109
The case for euthanasia 112
Representation and friendly relations 114
Negotiating and lobbying 115
Clarifying intentions 117
Political reporting 117
Commercial diplomacy 119
Versatility and adaptability 119
8 Consulates 125
Merchants' representatives to public servants 125
Amalgamation with the diplomatic service 126
A separate activity, if not a separate service 128
Consular functions 130
Career consuls 134
Honorary consuls 136
Consular sections 139
9 Conferences 142
Origins 142
International organizations 145
Procedure 148
10 Summits 161
Origins 161
Professional anathemas 161
Case for the defence 166
11 Public Diplomacy 179
Propaganda about propaganda 179
The importance of public diplomacy 182
The role of the MFA: player and coordinator 184
The role of the embassy 186
12 Telecommunications 192
Telephone diplomacy flourishes 193
Video-conferencing stalls 199
Other means multiply 201
Part III Diplomacy without Diplomatic Relations
Introduction to Part III 207
13 Disguised Embassies 209
Interests sections 209
Consulates 215
Representative offices 218
Front missions 219
14 Special Missions 223
The advantages of special missions 223
The variety of special missions 225
To go secretly or openly? 230
15 Mediation 235
The nature of mediation 235
Different mediators and different motives 238
The ideal mediator 245
The ripe moment 249
Conclusion: the Counter-Revolution in Diplomatic Practice 253
References 257
Index 269