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More About This Textbook
Overview
Discovering Grammar: An Introduction to English Sentence Structure encourages students to explore grammar through a unique "discovery" approach that encompasses both critical thinking and text analysis. Ideal for courses in the structure of English, this book is also useful for courses in English education/language arts, English as a second language, and linguistics. Part One offers an overview of different definitions of and approaches to grammar and outlines the approach to descriptive grammar taken in the text. This section also includes an introduction to phrase structure and evidence for syntactic structure based on movement, pronominalization, and coordination. Part Two introduces each syntactic category (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and preposition) through morphological and syntactic evidence and highlights the basic division between lexical and grammatical categories. Part Three focuses on the structure of sentences, discussing subordination, complementation, adjunction, and more.
In contrast with most traditional grammar books--whose exercises focus on drills and memorization--Discovering Grammar features practical and engaging exercises. Discovery Problems encourage students to "discover" sentence structure by analyzing patterns of data. Students can then apply their skills to Text Analysis exercises in which they examine a wide variety of different texts including excerpts from poetry, novels, television, movies, and other media. Language Diversity Exercises introduce students to other varieties of English, both earlier versions (Old and Middle English) and current "world" Englishes used both inside and outside the U.S. Each chapter concludes with a chapter review and a comprehensive exercise that can be used as a chapter test. The volume is further enhanced by a concise glossary and a guide for doing Language Diversity Exercises.
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Table of Contents
Each chapter opens with an Introduction and closes with a Summary, Discovery Problems, Text Analysis, Language Diversity Exercises, Chapter Review Terms, and Chapter Review Exercises
Preface
Acknowledgments
PART I: THE GRAMMATICAL SYSTEM
1. Grammar and Our Knowledge of Language
The Components of Grammar
Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar
Standard English
The Approach to Grammar in This Book
2. Some Syntactic Fundamentals: Categories and Phrases
Syntactic Categories
Grammatical and Lexical Categories
Phrase Structure
3. Evidence for Phrases: Movement, Pronominalization, and Coordination
Movement
Pronominalization
Coordination
PART II: CATEGORIES
4. Nouns
Semantic Classes of Nouns
The Morphology of Nouns
The Syntax of the Noun Phrase
Categories that Introduce Nouns: Determiners, Numerals and Quantifiers
5. The Forms and Meanings of Verbs
The Semantics of Verbs
The Morphology of Verbs
Semantic Tense and Aspect
Future Tense and Modals
Infinitives
Grammatical Verbs: Auxiliaries and Modals
6. The Syntax of the Verb Phrase
A Phrase Structure Rule for Verb Phrase
Negation and Do-Insertion
Not Contraction
Subject-Auxiliary Inversion and Tag
The Grammatical Category Auxiliary
7. Adjectives and Adjective Phrases
The Semantics of Adjectives
The Morphology of Adjectives
Categories That Introduce Adjectives: Degree Words
The Syntax of the Adjective Phrase
Adjective Phrase Positions
8. Adverbs and Adverb Phrases
Semantic Classes of Adverbs
The Morphology of Adverbs
Categories That Introduce Adverbs: Degree Words
Adverb Phrase Positions
9. Prepositions
The Semantics of Prepositions
The Morphology of Prepositions
Categories That Introduce Prepositions
Prepositions: A Grammatical or Lexical Category?
The Phrase Structure of Prespositional Phrases
Intransitive Prepositions: Particles
More Prepositional Phrases
PART III: GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS
10. The Sentence: Clause Structure, Subordination, and Coordination
The Structure of the Clause: NP and VP
Independent and Subordinate Clauses
Types of Subordinate Clauses
11. Complements
Subcategorization
Complements of Verbs
Complements of Other Lexical Categories
12. Adjuncts in the Verb Phrase
Prepositional Phrase Adjuncts
Adverb Phrase and Adverbial Noun Phrase Adjuncts
Participial Phrase Adjuncts
Adjective Phrase Adjuncts
Clausal Adjuncts
13. Adjuncts in the Noun Phrase
Appositive Noun Phrases
Restrictive Relative Clauses
Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses
Free Relative Clauses
Glossary
Appendix
Index