Elements of Argument: A Text and Reader / Edition 10

by Annette T. Rottenberg, Donna Haisty Winchell

Overview

When first published in 1985, Elements of Argument changed the way that argument was taught in college composition courses through its pioneering emphasis on the easy-to-teach Toulmin model of argument. The book quickly became the best seller in its market and has maintained its popularity with a mix of accessible instruction, lively examples, and compelling readings. Thorough but not intimidating, Elements of Argument presents everything students need to learn about, research, and write arguments. A new coauthor, Donna Haisty Winchell, draws on her own experience teaching with Elements of Argument to enhance the writing instruction and bring in a fresh group of readings and topics that will appeal to a new generation of students.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780312646998
Publisher:	Bedford/St. Martin's
Publication date:	08/03/2011
Edition description:	Tenth Edition
Pages:	880
Product dimensions:	6.50(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.20(d)
Lexile:	1280L (what's this?)

About the Author

Annette T. Rottenberg, formerly assistant director of the writing program at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, has taught composition and literature at Chicago City College, SUNY at Buffalo, Duke University, and schools abroad. 
 
Donna Haisty Winchell has directed the Freshman Composition program and co-directed Digital Portfolio Institutes at Clemson University, where she is Professor of English.  She has edited several freshman writing anthologies and is a frequent presenter at professional conferences.

Table of Contents

An asterisk (*) indicates a new selection.

PART ONE Understanding Argument

*1. What Is Argument?
Why Study Argument?
Argument in the Twenty-First Century 
*MEL BONDAR, The Financial Case for Trade School over College
The Purposes of Argument
The Elements of Argument 
The Ethics of Argument 
So, Why Write Arguments? 

2. Critical Reading of Written Arguments 
Prereading 
Strategies for Prereading 
*GRETA THUNBERG, How Dare You?
Reading with an Open Mind 
*MARK R. LEVIN, News, Propaganda, and Pseudo-Events
Reading for Content and Structure 
Strategies for Annotating a Text 
CHRISTOPHER ELLIOTT, A Tale of Two Airlines 
Summarizing 
Research Skill: Using Summaries in Research 
*OCEAN VUONG, Reimagining Masculinity 
Evaluating 
Strategies for Evaluating Arguments 
BRUCE SCHNEIER, The Internet Is a Surveillance State 
WHITNEY CRAMER, Giving Up Our Privacy: Is It Worth It? (student essay)
Argument Essentials: Examining Written Arguments 
Assignments for Critical Reading of Written Arguments 

3. Critical Reading of Multimodal Arguments 
Visual Rhetoric 
Photographs 
*ERIK MCGREGOR, Candlelight Vigil for Mass Shooting Victims 
*MICHAEL CAMPANELLA, Friday School Strikes, August 2018 
*MARCO MERLINE, Fridays for the Future, Six Months Later  
*NORMA JEAN GARGASZ, The View from the Other Side  
*JOSEPH PREZIOSO, A Standoff over Immigration
*COURTENEY COKO MOORE, Little Boy Holds Hand of Crying Classmate
Argument Essentials: Visual Rhetoric 
Print Advertisements 
WORLD WILDLIFE FUND, Stop Climate Change before It Changes You
AD COUNCIL, It Only Takes a Moment to Make a Moment  
*L’OREAL, My Future Is What I Make It  
Political Cartoons 
*FRAN, Citizenship Test Forum  
*PETER STEINER, Understand the Ten Commandments  
*CHIP BOK, Sorry, Sir, You’ve Been Red-Flagged  
Graphics 
THEWORLD.ORG, Tobacco’s Shifting Burden    
UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS, Where Your Gas Money Goes  
Audio and Audiovisual Rhetoric 
Television Commercials 
TOYOTA, Let’s Go Places  
Podcasts 
*LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER, Recession Fears, Immigration Rules, and “Electability”  
*TOM BALDWIN and NINA SCHICK, INTELLIGENCE SQUARED, How the Information Age
Crashed Our Democracy  
Argument Essentials: Audiovisual Rhetoric 
ELIZABETH WARREN, Remarks at the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate
Strategies for Critical Listening 
Online Environments 
Networking Sites 
WILLIAM WHARTON, “Peaceful” Act of Compassion 
Argument Essentials: Online Environments 
Research Skill: Evaluating Online Sources 
Interactive Websites 
AD COUNCIL, embracerefugees.org  
Assignments for Critical Reading of Multimodal Arguments 

4. Writing Argument Analysis 
Argument Essentials: Argument Analysis 
Writing the Thesis (Main Claim) 
Argument Essentials: Writing the Claim 
Planning the Structure 
Argument Essentials: Planning the Structure 
Providing Support 
Summarizing 
Paraphrasing 
Argument Essentials: Providing Support 
Quoting 
Research Skill: Incorporating Quotations into Your Text 
Documenting Your Sources 
Strategies for Documenting Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation 
JAMES W. INGRAM III, Electoral College Is Best Way to Choose U.S. President 
HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT, The Science Facts about Autism and Vaccines (infographic) 
*STEFAN ANDREASSON, Fossil Fuel Divestment Will Increase Carbon Emissions, Not Lower Them 
*BEN ADLER, Are Plastic-Bag Bans Good for the Climate?  
*LESLEY WEXLER AND JENNIFER K. ROBBENNOLT, #MeToo and Restorative Justice: Realizing
Restoration for Victims and Offenders 
*DESTINÉE MILLER, Restorative Justice and the #MeToo Movement (student essay) 
*SABRA STAPLETON, How to Pick a President: Electoral College vs. National Popular Vote (student essay) 
Assignments for Writing Argument Analysis 

PART TWO Writing Argument 

*5. Approaches to Argument 
Aristotelian Rhetoric 
Ethos 
Logos 
Pathos 
Ancient Rhetoric Today 
Argument Essentials: Aristotelian Rhetoric 
*CHESLEY B. “SULLY” SULLENBERGER III, We Saved 155 Lives on the Hudson. Now Let’s Vote for Leaders Who’ll Protect Us All.
LIZA LONG, I Am Adam Lanza’s Mother 
Rogerian Argument 
Argument Essentials: Rogerian Argument 
MALLORY SIMON, Gun Debate: Where Is the Middle Ground?
SARAH SELTZER, Teaching Trigger Warnings: What Pundits Don’t Understand about the Year’s Most Controversial Higher-Ed Debate 
Stasis Theory 
The Stasis Questions 
Stasis Theory Claims 
Research Skill: Narrowing Your Research 
The Toulmin Model 
The Claim 
The Support 
The Assumption 
Toulmin and the Syllogism 
Argument Essentials: The Toulmin Model 
*ANGIRA PATEL, To Be a Good Doctor, Study the Humanities 
STEVEN REINBERG, Embryo Selection May Help Prevent Some Inherited Disorders 
Assignments for Approaches to Argument 

6. Claims 
Claims of Fact 
Argument Essentials: Claims of Fact 
Research Skill: Using Databases 
*AMY FROIDE, Spinster, Old Maid, or Self-Partnered: Why Words for Single Women Have Changed through Time 
DOMTAR PAPER, Paper Because (advertisement) 
Claims of Value 
Aesthetics 
Morality 
Argument Essentials: Claims of Value 
SAMUEL CHI, The NFL’s Protest Crisis 
*ODIE HENDERSON, Black Panther 
Claims of Policy 
Argument Essentials: Claims of Policy 
ELISHA DOV HACK, College Life versus My Moral Code 
*JESSICA ANDREWS, How to Avoid Cultural Appropriation at Coachella 
Strategies for Reading and Writing Claims 
Assignments for Claims 

7. Support 
Strategies for Reading and Writing Support 
Evidence 
Factual Evidence 
Images 
Research Skill: Evaluating Factual Evidence 
Expert Opinion 
Research Skill: Evaluating Expert Opinion 
Argument Essentials: Evidence 
KRISTEN WEINACKER, Safer? Tastier? More Nutritious? The Dubious Merits of Organic Foods (student essay) 
SID KIRCHHEIMER, Are Sports Fans Happier?  
Appeals to Needs and Values 
Appeals to Needs 
Argument Essentials: Appeals to Needs and Values 
Appeals to Values 
Strategies for Evaluating Appeals to Needs and Values 
RONALD M. GREEN, Building Baby from the Genes Up 
*SARAH GRIFFITHS, Why Having a Crush Is Good for You 
Assignments for Support 

8. Assumptions 
General Principles 
Widely Held Assumptions 
Argument Essentials: Assumptions 
Recognizing and Analyzing Unstated Assumptions 
“Obvious” Assumptions 
Intention to Deceive 
Strategies for Recognizing Assumptions 
*THOMAS R. WELLS, Let the Anti-Vaxxers Have Their Way 
Research Skill: Focusing a Research Topic 
MICHAEL LEVIN, The Case for Torture 
ROBERT A. SIRICO, An Unjust Sacrifice 
Assignments for Assumptions 

9. Structuring the Argument 
Organizing the Argument 
Defending the Thesis 
Refuting an Opposing View 
Strategies for Refuting an Opposing View 
SHARON ASTYK AND AARON NEWTON, The Rich Get Richer, the Poor Go Hungry 
Finding the Middle Ground
Strategies for Finding the Middle Ground 
*JACK BEYRER, Innovative Gun Control Idea Gains Support 
Presenting the Stock Issues
JOHN R. KOZA, States Can Reform Electoral College — Here’s How to Empower Popular Vote 
Argument Essentials: Organizing the Argument 
Writing 
Writing the Introduction 
Writing the Conclusion 
Assignments for Structuring Arguments 

PART THREE  Strengthening Argument

10. Language 
The Power of Words 
Emotive Language 
STIHL, Consumer Confidence (advertisement) 
*DONALD J. TRUMP, Remarks on the Shootings in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio
PAMELA POWERS HANNLEY, Bathroom Politics: Preserving the Sanctity of the “Ladies’ Room” 
Slanting 
Research Skill: Evaluating Language in Sources 
Figurative Language 
W. E. B. DU BOIS, Of Our Spiritual Strivings 
Concrete and Abstract Language 
Shortcuts 
Clichés 
Slogans 
Strategies for Evaluating Word Choice and Choosing Your Words Carefully 
*RACHEL SYME, Selfie: The Revolutionary Potential of Your Own Face 
BARACK OBAMA, Remarks at Memorial Service for Fallen Dallas Police Officers 
Assignments for Language 

11. Definition  
The Purposes of Definition 
Argument Essentials: Purposes of Definition 
SUNNIVIE BRYDUM, The True Meaning of the Word “Cisgender” 
*LUCAS WRIGHT, Twitter Bans Dehumanization 
Defining the Terms in Your Argument 
The Limitations of Dictionary Definitions 
Stipulation and Negation: Stating What a Term Is and Is Not 
Defining Vague and Ambiguous Terms 
Research Skill: Using Encyclopedias to Find Definitions 
Definition by Example 
Argument Essentials: Defining the Terms in Your Argument 
Extended Definitions 
Strategies for Writing a Definition Essay 
ISHMEAL BRADLEY, Conscientious Objection in Medicine: A Moral Dilemma 
BRIAN WHITAKER, The Definition of Terrorism 
Assignments for Definition 

12. Logic  
Induction 
Argument Essentials: Induction 
*STEVEN DOLOFF, Greta Garbo, Meet Joan Rivers . . . (Talk Amongst Yourselves)” 
Deduction 
Argument Essentials: Deduction 
*SEAMUS O’MAHONY, Are We Living Too Long?  
HILLARY CLINTON, Remarks at the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Women and the Economy Summit
Common Fallacies 
Research Skill: Structuring Your Research with Generalizations and Specifics
Hasty Generalization 
Faulty Use of Authority 
Post Hoc or Doubtful Cause 
False Analogy 
Ad Hominem 
False Dilemma 
Slippery Slope 
Begging the Question 
Straw Man 
Red Herring 
Two Wrongs Make a Right 
Non Sequitur 
Ad Populum 
Strategies for Uncovering Logical Fallacies 
Appeal to Tradition 
CHRISTOPHER CALDWELL, Drivers Get Rolled 
*JUSTICE HENRY BILLINGS BROWN, Plessy v. Ferguson: The Opinion of the Court
Assignments for Logic 

PART FOUR Incorporating Research

13. Planning and Research 
Finding an Appropriate Topic 
Invention Strategies 
Evaluating Possible Topics 
Strategies for Identifying Effective Research Paper Topics 
Initiating Research 
Keeping Research on Track 
Strategies for Keeping Your Research on Track 
Research Skill: What Is Common Knowledge?  
Sketching a Preliminary Outline 
Types of Sources 
Research Skill: Popular vs. Scholarly Articles 
Finding Sources 
Databases 
Encyclopedias 
Statistical Resources 
Government Resources 
Online Sources 
Multimodal Sources 
Evaluating Sources 
Evaluating Sources for Relevance 
Evaluating Sources for Reliability 
Research Skill: Evaluating Multimodal Sources 
Argument Essentials: Evaluating Sources 
Taking Notes 
Note Taking and Prewriting 
Working with Your Outline 
Managing and Documenting Sources 
Argument Essentials: Taking Notes 
*ALICIA OGLESBY, Safe Spaces 
*MEGAN YEE, Why “Safe Spaces” Are Important for Mental Health — Especially on College Campuses 

14. Drafting, Revising, and Presenting Arguments 
Reviewing Your Research 
Research Skill: Reviewing Your Research 
Avoiding Plagiarism 
Argument Essentials: Avoiding Plagiarism 
Building an Effective Argument 
Argument Essentials: Checklist for Effective Arguments 
Using Sentence Forms to Write Arguments 
Argument Essentials: Addressing Opposing Arguments Using Sentence Forms 
Revising 
Oral Arguments and Presentations 
The Audience 
Credibility 
Organization 
Language 
Support 
Presentation Aids 
*JIMMY CARTER, Why I Believe the Mistreatment of Women Is the Number One Human Rights Abuse 
KATHLEEN SEBELIUS, Remarks to Georgetown University’s Public Policy Institute 

15. Documenting Sources 
MLA In-Text Citations 
MLA Works Cited Entries 
Directory of MLA Works Cited Entries 
Print Sources 
The Elements of Citation: Book (MLA) 
Online Sources 
The Elements of Citation: Article from a Website (MLA) 
The Elements of Citation: Article from a Database (MLA) 
Other Sources 
MLA-Style Annotated Bibliography 
MLA-Style Paper Format 
MLA-Style Sample Research Paper 
*ANNA HARVIN, The Place for Safe Space: Mental Health and the College Student Experience (student essay in MLA style) 
APA In-Text Citations 
APA List of References 
Directory of APA Reference Entries 
Print Sources 
The Elements of Citation: Book (APA) 
Online Sources 
The Elements of Citation: Article from a Website (APA) 
The Elements of Citation: Article from a Database (APA) 
Other Sources 
APA-Style Paper Format 
APA-Style Sample Research Paper 
*DANIEL M. WEINZAPFEL, The Economic Argument for Expanding GMO Regulation in America (student essay in APA style) 

PART FIVE Debating the Issues

*16. The Anti-Vaxx Movement: What Values Are at Stake?  
*ROBERT F. KENNEDY JR., This Is the Chronic Disease Epidemic
*KATHLEEN KENNEDY TOWNSEND, JOSEPH P. KENNEDY II, AND MAEVE KENNEDY MCKEAN, RFK Jr., Is Our Brother and Uncle. He’s Tragically Wrong about Vaccines.  

*17. Confederate Monuments: Where Is Their Place in Today’s America?  
*GRACY OLMSTEAD, There Are Good Reasons to Consider Removing Confederate Memorials from Our Public Squares 
*JOHN DANIEL DAVIDSON, Why We Should Keep the Confederate Monuments Right Where They Are 

*18. Breed-Specific Legislation: Should Ownership of Aggressive Dogs Be Regulated?  
*KENNETH M. PHILLIPS, Arguments For and Against Breed-Specific Laws 
*AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS (ASPCA), Position Statement on Breed-Specific Legislation 

19. Gender Stereotypes: Is the “Princess” Phenomenon Detrimental to Girls’ Self-Image?
CALAH ALEXANDER, The Dangers of the Princess Culture
CRYSTAL LIECHTY, In Defense of Princess Culture

20. Economics and College Sports: Should College Athletes Be Paid?
PAUL MARX, Athlete’s New Day
WARREN HARTENSTINE, College Athletes Should Not Be Paid 

PART SIX Multiple Viewpoints

21. Social Networking: What Are the Consequences of Becoming an Online Society?  
ALFREDO LOPEZ, Social Networking and the Death of the Internet 
*JASMINE GARSD, #BLESSED: Is Everyone Happier Than You on Social Media?  
ISAAC GILMAN, Online Lives, Offline Consequences: Professionalism, Information Ethics, and Professional Students 
*JOSH MOODY, Why Colleges Look at Students’’ Social Media 
*GRETCHEN MCCULLOCH, Post Internet People 

*22. Mass Shootings in America: Who Is to Blame? How Should We Respond?  
*JILLIAN PETERSON AND JAMES DENSLEY, What We’ve Learned about Mass Shooters Since 1966 
*ROXANNE DUNBAR-ORTIZ, Inside the Minds of American Mass Shooters 
*ELLY VINTIADIS, Mass Shooting and the Myth of the Violent Mentally Ill 
WAYNE LAPIERRE, What Should America Do about Gun Violence?  
GRETCHEN BLYNT, Preparing Kids for School Shootings Damages Them, Too 
ALEX MESOUDI, Mass Shootings and the Mass Media: Does Media Coverage of Mass Shootings Inspire Copycat Crimes?  

23. Climate Change: It Exists. What Now?  
NATIONAL CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION, How Will Climate
Change Affect the World and Society?  
*JOHN R. WENNERSTEN AND DENISE ROBBINS, Climate Refugees Are on the Verge of Becoming a Global Problem 
*CHELSEY KIVLAND AND ANNE SOSIN, Why Climate Change Is Worsening Public Health Problems 
REYNARD LOKI, 4 Reasons Climate Change Affects National Security 
DIANA LIVERMAN AND AMY GLASMEIER, What Are the Economic Consequences of Climate Change?  

*24. Diversity and Inclusion: Are Equality Initiatives Successful?  
*DREW ALLEN AND GREGORY C. WOLNIAK, When College Tuition Goes Up, Campus Diversity Goes Down 
*JULIE A. PETERSON AND LISA M. RUDGERS, The Attack on Affirmative Action Is Simple and Powerful — and Wrong 
*BOBBY ALLYN, College Board Drops Its “Adversity Score” for Each Student after Backlash 
*ANTHONY ABRAHAM JACK, I Was a Low-Income College Student. Classes Weren’t the Hard Part.  
*NICK HANAUER, Better Schools Won’t Fix America 

25. Freedom of Speech on Campus: Are Limitations on Our Rights Ever Justified?  
*JAMES MCWILLIAMS, What Can We Learn from the Campus Free Speech Debates?  
AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION, Speech on Campus 
JANET NAPOLITANO, It’s Time to Free Speech on Campus Again 
*EMMA KERR, College Students Want Free Speech — Sort Of 
*JOAN WALLACH SCOTT, Freedom of Speech v. Civility 

*26. Mistrust of the Media: How Much Should We Rely on Our Information Sources?  
*JAMES CARSON, Fake News: What Exactly Is It — and How Can You Spot It?  
*JEFFREY M. JONES, U.S. Media Trust Continues to Recover from 2016 Low 
*HANS ROSLING, The Blame Instinct 
*ALAN RUSBRIDGER, Journalism Has Changed in the Blink of an Eye 

PART SEVEN Classic Arguments 
JONATHAN SWIFT, A Modest Proposal 
THOMAS JEFFERSON, The Declaration of Independence 
HENRY DAVID THOREAU, Civil Disobedience 
SOJOURNER TRUTH, Ain’t I a Woman? 
RACHEL CARSON, The Obligation to Endure 
NELSON MANDELA, Black Man in a White Man’s Court 
THURGOOD MARSHALL, Reflections on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution 

Glossary 
Index