Engaging Adolescents in Reading

Preface     ix
Acknowledgments     xiii
About the Editor     xv
About the Contributors     xvii
Reading Motivation and Engagement in Middle and High School: Appraisal and Intervention   John T. Guthrie     1
Dilemmas of Students' Motivation and Engagement in School Reading     2
Challenge: Teacher Support for Motivation and Engagement     4
Meaning Is Motivating: Classroom Goal Structures     6
Control and Choice: Supporting Self-Directed Reading     7
Reading Is Social: Bringing Peer Interaction to the Text     8
Self-Efficacy: Building Confident Readers     9
Interest in Reading: Potency of Relevance     10
Struggling Readers: Boosting Motivation in Low Achievers     12
Merging Engagement Support Into Structured Classroom Management     14
Next Steps: Transforming Classrooms and Schools     15
Meaning Is Motivating: Classroom Goal Structures   Jessica E. Douglass   John T. Guthrie     17
Providing Mastery Goals     19
Making Tasks Relevant     20
Using Hands-On Activities     22
Mastery Versus Performance Motivation: Theory and Research     23
Transforming Text to Meaning     24
Scaffolding Mastery Motivation     27
Providing Reteach Opportunities     28
Rewarding Effort Over Performance     30
Control and Choice: Supporting Self-Directed Reading   Sarah Fillman   John T. Guthrie     33
Providing Control and Choice in Instruction     34
Overview of Instructional Practices     35
Ownership of Text     36
Options for How to Learn From Text     38
Input Into Curriculum     39
Student Self-Direction and Shared Control: Theory and Research     40
Self-Selection of Knowledge Displays     43
Voice in Standards for Evaluating     44
Inquiry Projects     45
Scaffolding Control and Choice for Diverse Students     46
Order in the Classroom!     47
Roles for Administrators     48
Reading Is Social: Bringing Peer Interaction to the Text   Dee Antonio   John T. Guthrie     49
Open Discussions     50
Student-Led Discussions     52
Collaborative Reasoning     54
Why Social Interaction? Research and Theory     55
Arranging Partnerships     57
Socially Constructing Class Management      59
Scaffolding Social Motivation Over Time     61
Self-Efficacy: Building Confident Readers   Shana Yudowitch   Lucas M. Henry   John T. Guthrie     65
Recognizing the Gap     66
Matching Text to Students     71
How Self-Efficacy Develops in a Classroom: Theory and Research     75
Establishing Initial Confidence     76
Setting Realistic Goals     77
Assuring Enabling Skills     79
Interest in Reading: Potency of Relevance   Robert L. Gibb   John T. Guthrie     83
Rationale for Relevance     84
Real-World Connection     86
Personalizing With Questioning     89
Extending Intrinsic Interests     90
How Relevance Works: Theory and Evidence     94
Self-Expression     96
Puzzling     98
Growing Motivation: How Students Develop   John T. Guthrie     99
Context Counts     100
Situated Motivation Is Significant     102
Motives Move From Outside to Inside     105
Internal Motivation Drives Achievement     108
General Motivation Is Stable     110
Global Internal Motivation Declines Across Time      111
Cause and Effect?     113
Struggling Readers: Boosting Motivation in Low Achievers   Sandra Jacobs Ivey   John T. Guthrie     115
Our Challenges     115
Varieties of Unmotivated Readers     116
Externally Motivated Low Achievers     119
Approaches to Motivation for Moderately Struggling Readers     121
Low Achievers Who Resist Reading     122
Approaches to Motivation for Resistant Students     123
A Learning Curriculum for Struggling Readers     125
Resistant Students Who Struggle to Recognize Words     126
Instructional Approaches for Resistant Students With Word Reading Deficits     127
Next Steps for Teachers   John T. Guthrie     131
Identifying One Motivation to Address     131
Selecting Several Instructional Practices to Initiate Motivation     133
Planning Short-Term Change     134
Planning Long-Term Change     135
Phasing in Support for All Motivations and Implementing All Practices     136
Tools for Teachers     137
Questionnaires     141
Resources     157
Bibliography     171
Index     183