Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing / Edition 4

by Margaret A. Burkhardt, Alvita Nathaniel

Overview

Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing explores the theories, models and principles that serve as guides for ethically sound behavior within a nursing context. This text addresses the complexities created by science and technological advances, the variety of settings in which nurses practice, and the diversity of the patients in their care, all the while emphasizing the importance of principled behavior in personal and professional situations. The text also examines global issues that intertwine with the nursing profession, such as health policy, economics, social, gender, transcultural and spiritual considerations. Engaging exercises, reflective questions, case presentations and creative activities are integrated throughout the text.
More personal and conversational tone of this 2nd edition makes material more accessible
Reorganized reflection on the history of nursing puts contemporary issues into context
Expanded discussion of issues related to professional relationships, systems within which nurses work, technology and patient self-determination promotes exploration of issues facing nursing today
(Key words: Ethics, Issues, Nursing, Trends)

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781133129165
Publisher:	Cengage Learning
Publication date:	06/10/2013
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	560
Product dimensions:	7.30(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.80(d)

About the Author

Margaret A. Burkhardt is Associate Professor Emerita, West Virginia University School of Nursing. She taught nursing and practiced holistic nursing care for more than thirty years, and is an active member of the American Holistic Nurses Association. A prolific writer, Dr. Burkhardt has published numerous articles and book chapters, as well as co-authoring two books on spirituality in health and ethics in nursing.


Alvita Nathaniel is an Associate Professor and the Coordinator of the Family Nurse Practitioner Track at the Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center at West Virginia University School of Nursing. In addition to teaching, she has worked as a family nurse practitioner in free clinics and juvenile detention facilities for more than two decades. An active participant in policy-making, Dr. Nathaniel's articles regularly appear in journals and other health care-related publications.

Table of Contents

	Preface	xiii
	Acknowledgments	xvi
	Contributors	xvi
Part I	Guides for Principled Behavior	1
Chapter 1	Social, Philosophical, and Other Historical Forces Influencing the Development of Nursing	2
	Objectives	2
	Introduction	3
	The Influence of Social Need	4
	Spiritual, Religious, and Gender Influences	6
	The Modern Era	15
	Summary	17
	Chapter Highlights	17
	Discussion Questions and Activities	18
	References	18
Chapter 2	Ethical Theory	20
	Objectives	20
	Introduction	21
	Philosophy	23
	Morals/Ethics	24
	Theories of Ethics	26
	Summary	37
	Chapter Highlights	37
	Discussion Questions and Activities	38
	References	38
Chapter 3	Ethical Principles	40
	Objectives	40
	Introduction	41
	Autonomy	41
	Beneficence	48
	Nonmaleficence	50
	Veracity	51
	Confidentiality	54
	Justice	57
	Fidelity	59
	Summary	59
	Chapter Highlights	60
	Discussion Questions and Activities	60
	References	62
Part II	Developing Principled Behavior	65
Chapter 4	Values Clarification	66
	Objectives	66
	Introduction	67
	What Are Values?	67
	Acquiring Values	67
	Self-Awareness	68
	Values in Professional Situations	71
	Summary	77
	Chapter Highlights	77
	Discussion Questions and Activities	78
	References	78
Chapter 5	Values Development	80
	Objectives	80
	Introduction	81
	Transcultural Considerations in Values Development	81
	Theoretical Perspectives of Values Development	82
	Some Nursing Considerations	87
	Summary	89
	Chapter Highlights	90
	Discussion Questions and Activities	90
	References	91
Chapter 6	Ethical Decision Making	92
	Objectives	92
	Introduction	93
	Moral/Ethical Problems	93
	Making Decisions	97
	Ethical Decision Making	98
	Process of Ethical Decision Making	100
	Applying the Decision-Making Process	103
	Summary	106
	Chapter Highlights	106
	Discussion Questions and Activities	106
	References	107
Part III	Principled Behavior in the Professional Domain	109
Chapter 7	Legal Issues	110
	Objectives	110
	Introduction	111
	Relationship Between Ethics and the Law	111
	General Legal Concepts	113
	Recent Legal Trends	125
	Risk Management	129
	Nurses as Expert Witnesses	133
	Summary	134
	Chapter Highlights	134
	Discussion Questions and Activities	135
	References	136
Chapter 8	Professional Issues	137
	Objectives	137
	Introduction	138
	Professional Status	138
	Expertise	141
	Autonomy	142
	Accountability	145
	Authority	149
	Unity	150
	Summary	152
	Chapter Highlights	152
	Discussion Questions and Activities	152
	References	153
Chapter 9	Professional Relationship Issues	155
	Objectives	155
	Introduction	156
	Problem Solving in the Professional Realm	156
	Nurses' Relationships with Institutions	161
	Nurses' Relationships with Other Nurses	164
	Nurses' Relationships with Physicians	166
	Nurses' Relationships with Subordinates	168
	Discrimination and Harassment	169
	Summary	174
	Chapter Highlights	174
	Discussion Questions and Activities	174
	References	175
Chapter 10	Practice Issues Related to Technology	177
	Objectives	177
	Introduction	178
	Benefits and Challenges of Technology	178
	Current Technology: Issues and Dilemmas	180
	Nursing Practice in the Midst of Technology	198
	Summary	200
	Chapter Highlights	201
	Discussion Questions and Activities	202
	References	202
	Suggested Readings	204
Chapter 11	Practice Issues Related to Patient Self-Determination	205
	Objectives	205
	Introduction	206
	Autonomy and Paternalism	206
	Informed Consent	209
	Advance Directives	213
	Choices Concerning Life and Health	219
	Summary	228
	Chapter Highlights	228
	Discussion Questions and Activities	229
	References	230
Chapter 12	Scholarship Issues	233
	Objectives	233
	Introduction	234
	Academic Honesty	234
	Research Issues and Ethics	236
	Ethical Treatment of Data	244
	Summary	246
	Chapter Highlights	246
	Discussion Questions and Activities	246
	References	247
Part IV	Global Issues That Impinge on Nursing Practice	249
Chapter 13	Health Care Changes and Challenges	250
	Objectives	250
	Introduction	251
	A Brief History of Health Care Delivery: The Euro-American Experience	251
	Health Care Perspectives: A Global Concern	260
	Alternative Traditions of Health Care	263
	Challenges for Rural and Urban Aggregates	264
	Summary	265
	Chapter Highlights	266
	Discussion Questions and Activities	266
	References	267
	Suggested Readings	268
Chapter 14	Health Policy Issues	269
	Objectives	269
	Introduction	270
	Political Issues	270
	Health Policy	272
	Nursing, Policy, and Politics	279
	Lobbying	282
	Summary	285
	Chapter Highlights	285
	Discussion Questions and Activities	286
	References	286
Chapter 15	Economic Issues	288
	Objectives	288
	Introduction	289
	Overview of Today's Health Care Economics	289
	Distributive Justice	291
	Recent Trends and Health Economic Issues	296
	Summary	300
	Chapter Highlights	301
	Discussion Questions and Activities	301
	References	302
Chapter 16	Social Issues	304
	Objectives	304
	Introduction	305
	Social Issues	305
	Ethical Principles Applied to Social Issues	313
	Personal Impediments to Intervening with Vulnerable Groups	315
	Social Issues and Scholarship	316
	Summary	317
	Chapter Highlights	317
	Discussion Questions and Activities	318
	References	318
Chapter 17	Gender Issues	321
	Objectives	321
	Introduction	322
	Historical Perspectives and Overview of Gender-Based Issues	322
	Gender and Race	323
	Sex Discrimination in Nursing	324
	Sexual Harassment in Nursing	327
	Communication Issues Related to Gender	329
	Modern Sexism	331
	Sexual Orientation	331
	Summary	332
	Chapter Highlights	333
	Discussion Questions and Activities	333
	References	334
Chapter 18	Transcultural and Spiritual Issues	337
	Objectives	337
	Introduction	338
	Transcultural Issues	338
	Issues Related to Spirituality and Religion	348
	Summary	354
	Chapter Highlights	354
	Discussion Questions and Activities	355
	References	356
Part V	The Power to Make a Difference	359
Chapter 19	Empowerment for Nurses	360
	Objectives	360
	Introduction	361
	Influences on Nursing's Perceptions of Principled Practice	361
	Understanding Power and Empowerment	364
	Personal Empowerment	366
	Professional Empowerment	368
	Re-Visioning Nursing	371
	Summary	372
	Chapter Highlights	373
	Discussion Questions and Activities	373
	References	374
Chapter 20	Enabling Patient Empowerment	376
	Objectives	376
	Introduction	377
	Patients and Empowerment	377
	Nurses and Patient Empowerment	377
	Enhancing Patient Capacity for Decision Making	379
	Fostering Patient Empowerment	380
	Summary	381
	Chapter Highlights	381
	Discussion Questions and Activities	382
	References	382
Appendix A	Code of Ethics for Nurses (2001): American Nurses Association	385
Appendix B	A Patient's Bill of Rights: American Hospital Association	403
Appendix C	Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses: Canadian Nurses Association	407
Appendix D	ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses	415
	Glossary	417
	Index	429

Editorial Reviews

Reviewer: Vicki Ann Moss, DNSc, MS, BSN, RN (University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh)
Description: This book describes and discusses ethical issues from a nursing perspective, taking into account contextual factors such as gender, the social, economic, and political climate, and personal and professional empowerment.
Purpose: According to the authors, this book has four purposes: to acknowledge that each person is a moral agent; to raise awareness of the factors involved in ethical decision making; to present a decision making model to be used to guide moral decisions; and to affirm that nursing is an ethically responsible profession.
Audience: The book is appropriate for both professional nurses and nursing students.
Features: The 20 chapters are grouped into four parts: Guides for Principled Behavior; Developing Principled Behavior; Principled Behavior in the Professional Domain; and Global Issues that Impinge on Nursing Practice. Additions include nurses' responsibility for global issues and discussions of stem cell research and cloning. Included in each chapter are case presentations, and Think About it and Ask Yourself boxes related to cutting-edge issues. There is a Web Tutor Toolbox for instructors and students including e-mail, chat, threaded discussions, PowerPoint and other features as well as an Electronic Classroom Manager for instructors which includes a test bank.
Assessment: This book is meant to be interactive and readers are encouraged to become very engaged while reflecting and questioning personal and professional options and values. It encompasses a myriad of ethical situations, and includes guides to help nurses in making moral decisions. It is an easy read while introducing provocative and stimulating questions for readers to ponder. The book could be used in a classroom or online format and could be adapted for undergraduate as well as graduate education.

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