Europäische Grundrechte und Grundfreiheiten

by Dirk Ehlers (Editor), Claas Friedrich Germelmann (Editor)

Overview

Die Rechtsprechung des Gerichtshofs der Europäischen Union hat in den vergangenen Jahren wichtige Entwicklungen im Bereich der Europäischen Grundrechte und der Grundfreiheiten vorangetrieben. Hierzu zählen auch Grundsatzfragen und strukturelle Weichenstellungen. Ebenso war die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte weiterhin ertragreich. Die Neuauflage des Standardlehrbuches nimmt im Einklang mit den neuen Entwicklungen eine Neustrukturierung vor und bringt das Werk auf den neuesten Rechtsstand. Die Darstellung des Lehrbuchs trägt insbesondere der wachsenden Bedeutung des Grundrechtsschutzes durch die Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union Rechnung.

Das Konzept des Lehrbuchs wurde beibehalten. Insbesondere bleibt es bei der bewährten Ergänzung der systematischen Betrachtung durch eingearbeitete Fälle und Lösungen.

Adressaten des Lehrbuchs sind Studierende, Referendare und Wissenschaftler, darüber hinaus aber auch die Gerichte, Behörden und Verbände sowie alle sonstigen am Europarecht Interessierten.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9783110716733
Publisher:	De Gruyter
Publication date:	10/04/2023
Series:	De Gruyter Studium
Edition description:	5th ed.
Pages:	1628
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.06(h) x 0.00(d)
Language:	German
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Dirk Ehlers, Universityät Münster; Claas Friedrich Germelmann, Universityät Hannover.

Dirk Ehlers, University of Münster; Claas Friedrich Germelmann, University of Hanover, Germany.

Table of Contents

Table of Contributors and Outline Table of Contents     VII
Contents     IX
Table of Abbreviations     XXI
The Notion of European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
History and Development of European Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Freedoms     1
International and European Human Rights Protection     1
History and Development of Human Rights Protection in the Context of the Council of Europe and the European Convention on HumanRights     2
The Development of Human Rights Protection through the ECHR     3
Human Rights Protection in the Council of Europe in General     9
History and Development of Human Rights Protection within the EC/EU     11
Early Jurisprudence     11
Development and Legal Foundation of Human Rights of the EC/EU     11
The Debate Concerning Accession to the ECHR     14
Demands for a Catalogue of Human Rights of the EU and the European Charter of Fundamental Rights     15
The Scope of Application of Fundamental Rights of the Union     16
The Fundamental Freedoms of European Community Law     17
Recognition of fundamental rights as subjective rights     18
Interpretation of the Fundamental Freedoms as prohibitions of discrimination and prohibitions of limitations     19
Complementing the free movementof persons with rights derived from the Union citizenship     21
Horizontal Effect ("Drittwirkung") and Positive Obligations: Using Structural Human Rights Arguments for the Interpretation of the Fundamental Freedoms     21
Consequences of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe     23
Summary: Protection of Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in a Multi-Layered Europe     23
The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
General Principles     25
The Position and Status of the Convention within the Structure of International and National Law     25
Functions of the Convention Rights     32
Guarantee of the Status Negativus (Defensive or Liberty Rights)     33
Guarantee of Equal Treatment and Equality before the Law     33
Guarantee of the Status Positivus (Rights to Governmental Action / Positive Obligations)     34
Guarantee of the Status Activus (Civic Rights)     36
Guarantee of the Status Activus Processualis (Procedural Rights)     36
The Objective Dimension of the Convention Rights     37
Interpretation of the Convention     38
Beneficiaries of the Convention Rights     39
Entities Bound by the Convention Rights     41
Convention States of the Council of Europe      41
International and Supranational Organisations     43
Private Persons     45
Territorial scope     46
Temporal scope     46
Guarantees and Limitations of the Convention Rights     48
Stages of Scrutiny     48
Applicability of the Convention     48
Scope of Protection of the Convention Rights     49
Interference with a Right or Freedom     49
Justification of the Interference or Limitation     51
Schematic Summary     54
Judicial protection     54
Judicial Protection by the ECtHR     54
Judicial Protection by National Courts     64
Personal Rights and the Prohibition of Discrimination     67
Protection of Privacy     67
Private and Family Life, Home and Correspondence (Article 8 ECHR)     68
Freedom of Thought, Conscience and Religion (Article 9 ECHR)     78
Right to Personal Integrity     81
Prohibition of Torture, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Article 3 ECHR)     81
Right to Life (Article 2 ECHR)     86
Prohibition of Discrimination     92
The Complementary Prohibition of Discrimination (Article 14 ECHR)     92
Special Aspects of Equality      95
Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Assembly and Association     97
Freedom of Communication within the European Human Rights System     97
Freedom of Opinion and Freedom of Information     98
Scope of Protection     98
Interference     105
Justification     107
Freedom of Assembly     118
Scope of Protection     118
Interference     119
Justification     120
Freedom of Association     121
Scope of Protection     122
Interference     122
Justification     123
Freedom to Form and Join Trade Unions     124
Scope of Protection     125
Interference     127
Justification     127
Conclusions     128
Economic Fundamental Rights     130
Introduction     130
Protection of Property     131
Scope of Protection of the Guarantee of Property     132
Drawbacks of the Property Right     136
Justification of Ownership Restrictions     140
Ownership Law and other Guarantees of the ECHR     147
Other Guarantees under Economic Law     148
Influence of the European Social Charter     149
Fundamental Judicial and Procedural Rights     151
The Protection of Liberty (Article 5 ECHR)     151
The Right to Liberty and Security     152
Types of Interference     153
Rights Guaranteed to Individuals Deprived of their Liberty     157
Fundamental Judicial Rights in Connection with Proceedings before Courts     160
The Right to a Fair Trial pursuant to Article 6(1) of the ECHR     160
Nulla poena sine lege (Article 7 of the ECHR)     169
The Prohibition of Double Jeopardy     171
Right of Appeal in Criminal Matters     172
The Right to Compensation for Wrongful Conviction (Article 3 of the 7th Prot ECHR)     173
Procedural Safeguards Relating to Expulsion of Aliens     173
The Right to an Effective Remedy     173
The Fundamental Freedoms of the European Communities
General Principles     175
The Nature and Position of the Fundamental Freedoms within the Structure of European Community Law     175
The Significance of the Fundamental Freedoms     175
The Different Fundamental Freedoms     176
Direct Internalisation and Direct Effect of the Fundamental Freedoms     178
The Fundamental Freedoms as Subjective Rights      179
Supremacy of the Fundamental Freedoms     179
Delineation from Other Rights Guaranteed by Primary Community Law     180
Dogmatics of the Fundamental Freedoms     182
Functions of the Fundamental Freedoms     183
The Fundamental Freedoms as Equality Rights     183
The Fundamental Freedoms as Liberty Rights     186
The Fundamental Freedoms as Rights to Governmental Action     190
The Fundamental Freedoms as Procedural Rights     192
The Objective Dimension of the Fundamental Freedoms     193
Beneficiaries of the Fundamental Freedoms     193
Nationals of the Member States     194
Legal Persons and Groups of Individuals within the Community     194
Non-EU Citizens and Legal Persons / Groups of Individuals Outside the Community     196
Entities Bound by the Fundamental Freedoms     196
Member States of the European Communities     197
European Communities     197
Private Individuals     198
Territorial Scope of the Fundamental Freedoms     200
Temporal Scope of the Fundamental Freedoms     201
Scope of Protection, Interferences, Justification     201
Scope of Protection of the Fundamental Freedoms      202
Interference with the Fundamental Freedoms     207
Justification of Interferences with the Fundamental Freedoms     213
Schematic Summary     223
Judicial Protection     224
Avenues of Judicial Protection for the Individual     224
Protection of the Fundamental Freedoms through Proceedings Instituted by the Commission or by the Member States     225
Free Movement of Goods     226
Scope of Protection     227
Interference     229
Addressees (Obligors)     229
Import Restrictions and Measures Having Equivalent Effect (Article 28 TEC/Article III-153 DC)     232
Quantitative Restrictions on Exports and Measures Having Equivalent Effect     239
Justification     240
Transversal Aspects     240
Written Grounds of Justification     247
Unwritten Grounds of Justification     249
Proportionality     249
Freedom of Movement for Workers     255
Scope of Protection     256
Preliminary Remarks     256
Subject Matter of Protection     257
Personal Scope of Protection     267
Concurrences     270
Interference     270
Discrimination      271
Limitations     273
Addressees     275
Justification     276
Written Restrictions     276
Unwritten Restrictions     277
General Limits to Restrictability     278
Freedom of Establishment     281
Introduction     281
The Basic Structure and Problems of the Freedom of Establishment within the System of the Fundamental Freedoms     281
The Interplay between the Freedom of Establishment under Community Law and Public International Law     284
Scope of Protection     286
Territorial Scope of Protection     286
Personal Scope of Protection     286
Subject Matter of Protection     287
Exceptions to the applicability     296
Interference     298
Discrimination     299
Restrictions     300
Justification     302
The Application of the Freedom of Establishment to Legal Persons According to Article 48 of the TEC (Article III-142 DC)     304
The Free Movement of Services     309
Introduction     309
The General Relevance of the Principle of the Freedom to Provide Services     309
The Structure of the Freedom to Provide Services in the Community Law      310
The Free Movement of Services beyond the Treaty     311
Liberalisation of the Freedom to Provide Services and Secondary Legislation     312
The New Strategy for the Internal Market     313
The Scope of Protection     314
The Territorial Scope of Protection     314
The Personal Scope of Protection     314
The Subject Matter of Protection     315
Interference     320
Obligors     321
Discriminatory Rules     322
Interferences with the Freedom to Provide Services     324
Justification     326
The Explicit Written Restrictions     326
Unwritten Restrictions     327
General Limits to the Restrictability of Rights and Freedoms     328
Freedom of Movement of Capital and Payments     331
Scope of Protection     331
Movement of Capital     331
Relationship to the Other Fundamental Freedoms     332
Crossing Borders     334
Payments     335
Prohibition on Restrictions     336
Justification of Restrictions within the Community: The Subjects Protected by Article 58 of the TEC (Article III-158 DC) and the Mandatory Requirements     338
Regulatory Fields     340
Tax Law: Capital Gains Tax     340
Company Law     346
Foreign Trade and Payments Legislation: Reporting Requirements     348
Monetary Law     350
The Law of Real Estate Transactions     351
Security Interests     355
Additional Restrictions With Regard to Third Countries     357
Restrictions Pursuant to Article 57 of the TEC (Article III-157 DC): No Justification Needed     358
Restrictions Pursuant to Article 59 of the TEC (Article III-159 DC): Temporary Measures Only     359
Restrictions Pursuant to Article 60 of the TEC: Economic Sanctions     360
Broader Interpretation of Article 58 of the TEC (Article III-158 DC) and of the Mandatory Requirements     360
Conclusion     361
Prohibition of Discrimination Due to Nationality     362
Sources of Law and Systematic Classification     362
Structure of Review     363
Scope of Protection     363
Interference     367
The Fundamental Rights of the European Union
General Principles     371
The Character and Position of the Fundamental Rights of the European Union within the Structure of International and National Law     371
The Notion of Fundamental Rights      371
The Necessity of Guaranteeing Fundamental Rights on the EU Level     372
The Legal Foundation of the Fundamental Rights on the Union     373
The Relation between the Fundamental Rights of the Union and other Fundamental Guarantees     375
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Union     379
Functions of the Fundamental Rights of the Union     382
Guarantee of Liberty Rights     382
Guarantee of Equality Rights     382
Guarantee of Rights to Governmental Action / Positive Obligations     383
Guarantee of the Citizens' Rights     383
Guarantee of Procedural Rights     384
The Objective Dimension of the Fundamental Rights of the Union     384
Beneficiaries of the Fundamental Rights of the Union     385
Natural Persons     385
Entities with Legal Personality and Groups of Individuals     385
Entities Bound by the Fundamental Rights of the Union     386
European Union and European Communities     386
Member States of the European Union     387
Private Persons     388
Territorial and Temporal Scope of the Fundamental Rights of the Union     389
Guarantees of / Interferences with the Fundamental Rights of the Union     390
Scope of Protection of the Fundamental Rights of the Union     390
Interferences with the Fundamental Rights of the Union     391
Justification of Interferences with the Fundamental Rights of the Union     391
Schematic Summary     395
Judicial Protection     396
Judicial Protection of the Individual     396
Judicial Protection of the Institutions of the EC and the Member States     397
Other Forms of Protection of Fundamental Rights in the EU     397
Human Dignity, Fundamental Rights of Personality and Communication     399
Dignity of Man     400
Scope of Protection     400
Interference     403
Justification     403
Protection of the Personality     405
Scope of Protection     405
Interference     417
Justification     417
The Protection of Communication     418
Scope of Protection     418
Interference     425
Justification     426
Freedom and Security - Outlook     427
The Right to Pursue a Freely Chosen Occupation     430
Scope of Protection     430
Function, Significance and Sources of the Right to Pursue a Freely Chosen Occupation in EU Law      430
Subject Matter of Protection     435
Personal Scope of Protection     441
Infringement     442
Justification     443
Restrictions of the Right to Pursue a Freely Chosen Occupation     444
Requirements for a Restriction of the Right to Pursue a Freely Chosen Occupation in Conformity with Community Law     444
The Fundamental Right to Property     448
Position and Relevance of the Fundamental Right to Property in Community Law     448
The Derivation and Dogmatic Structure of the Fundamental Right to Property under Community Law     449
The European Fundamental Right to Property in Detail     453
The Scope of Protection of the Fundamental Right to Property     453
Impairment of the Scope of Protection     455
Justification     458
Conclusion     464
Basic Rights of Equality and Social Rights     466
Rights to Equality     466
Overview and System     466
Norm Structure and Structure of Review     467
The General Principle of Equality     469
Specific Principles of Equality     471
Social Rights     485
Solidarity and Social Rights     485
Typology of Social Rights      487
Judicial and Procedural Fundamental Rights     490
Overview     490
Relevance of Judicial and Procedural Fundamental Rights in Community Law     490
Sources of Community Law Procedural Fundamental Rights     491
Obligors     493
Fundamental Procedural Rights in Relation to the Community Institutions     494
Fundamental Procedural Rights in Relation to the Community Administrative Organs     494
Procedural Rights before the Community Tribunals     500
Requirements of Community Procedural Fundamental Rights for Member States     506
Applicability of Procedural Fundamental Rights to Member States' Actions     506
Parallel Guarantees of Procedural Rights through Fundamental Freedoms     508
Parallel Guarantee of Procedural Rights through the Requirement of Equal and Effective Protection (Article 10 TEC/Article I-5(2) DC)     508
Particular Problems in 'Tiered' Proceedings und 'Mixed' Decisions between National Authorities and EC-Commission     513
The 'Tiered' Proceeding     513
Problems of Judicial Protection in 'Mixed Decisions'     515
Summary     517
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union     518
Introduction     518
Contents and Restrictions of Fundamental Rights     520
Overview of the Fundamental Rights Guaranteed by the Charter     520
The Restrictions within the Charter of Fundamental Rights     524
Comment     526
On the Area of Application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union     530
On the Legally Binding Nature of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prior to the European Constitution Coming into Effect     533
The European Agency for Fundamental Rights     538
Prospect     539
Citizenship Rights in Europe
European Citizenship Rights     541
Introduction     541
Union Citizenship as a Matter of the European Union     542
From Market Citizen to Union Citizen     542
TEC Stipulations Relating to Union Citizenship     544
Nationality, National Citizenship and Citizenship of the Union     546
Nationality and National Citizenship     547
Nationality as a Condition for Citizenship of the Union     549
Citizenship of the Union as a Complement to National Citizenship     551
European Citizenship Rights     552
Freedom of Movement     552
Political Rights     556
Right to Diplomatic and Consular Protection (Article 20 TEC/Article I-10(2)(c) DC)      564
Citizenship of the Union and the Prohibition on Discrimination (Article 12 TEC/Articles I-4(2), III-123 DC)     568
Concluding Remarks     572
Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights     575
Decisions of the European Court of Justice     586
Table of Model Cases     606
Index     609

Editorial Reviews

"Das mittlerweile schon 'klassische' Lehr- und Lernbuch zu den Grundrechten und Grundfreiheiten ist in seiner vierten Auflage erschienen. [...] Dem Lern- und Lehrbuch ist weiterhin großer Erfolg bei allen an Europa Interessierten zu wünschen, und zwar nicht nur bei Studenten und Referendaren, sondern beispielsweise auch bei Gerichten, Behörden und Verbänden."
Peter Szczekalla in: Deutsches Verwaltungsblatt 130,18/2015

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